INDEX. 



1025 



contractions in, 670. Effects of gravity on 

 circulation in, 681, 682. Varicose, 682. 

 Rate of motion of blood in, 682 ; increases 

 near the heart, 682, 683. Disturbing causes 

 of, 683. Valves of, 55 ; absent in portal, 

 683 ; and in hepatic, 683 : in cranium, 683 ; 

 in lungs, 684. In Birds, 690. In Fishes, 

 692. Introduction of air into, fatal, 716. 

 Structure of, 54. Development of, 992, 

 Cardinal or primitive, 977. Umbilical, 959, 

 975, 978. Interlobular, 536. Sublobular, 

 536. Intralobula'r, 536 



Vena cava, superior, 34, 690 ; double in some 

 animals, 690. Inferior, 34 



Venae portse, 534. Development of, 975 



Venous absorption, 616-619. blood, 79 

 (see Blood). heart in eel, 692 



Ventricle of cerebellum, 246. Irritation of 

 floor of fourth, produces diabetes, 282, 311, 

 749 



Ventricles of the cerebrum, 239, 244. of 

 heart, 633, 634 



Ventriculus bulbosus in Birds, 586. suc- 

 oenturiatus in Birds, 586 



Ventriloquism, 215 



Vermicular or peristaltic contraction, 133, 513, 

 514 



Vermiform appendix, 36, 516. Exists in the 

 ape, gibbon, and wombat, 586 



Vermiform processes of cerebellum, 244 



Vertebrae, 26, 27. Development of, 960 



Vertebral column, 17. Adaptation to erect 

 posture, 172 



Vertebral groove, 953. 954 



Vertebral plates, 954 ' 



VERTEBRATA. Characters and Classes, 103, 

 104. Placental, 958. Implacental, 959. 

 Warm-blooded, 107. Cold-blooded, 107. 

 Abranchiate, 107. Branchiate, 107. Pul- 

 monated or air-breathing, 690. Warm- 

 blooded, 690. Cold-blooded, 690. Branchi- 

 ated or water-breathing, 690. Touch, 369- 

 373. Taste, 380, 381. Smell, 390. Hearing, 

 412,414. Sight, 472-477. Locomotion on sol- 

 ids. 176-182 ; in fluids, 184, 189 ; in air, 189, 

 193. Voice, 215, 217. Encephalon, 320, 

 321. Cerebrum, 320-326. Cerebellum, 326. 

 Pons Varolii, 327. Medulla oblongata, 327. 

 Spinal cord, 327. Cranial and spinal nerves, 

 328. Sympathetic nervous system, 328. 

 Prehension, 196-198. Nervous actions, 

 329-330. Cerebral lobes, 325. Olfactory 

 lobes, 325. Optic lobes, 325. Blood glands, 

 750. Integument, 372. Nervous system, 

 318-330. Circulation, 689-695. Kidneys, 

 777-790. Blood corpuscles, quantity of. 

 884. Organs of digestion, 582-590. Di- 

 gestive glands, 581, 593, 594-597. Respira- 

 tion in, 862-866, 868-870. Pharynx, 582. 

 Stomach and intestines, 593. Gastric 

 glands, 582-590. Liver, 593, 594. Gall- 

 bladder, 594, 595. Pancreas, 595, 596. Pre- 

 hension of food, 572, 573. Teeth, 574, 575. 

 Jaws, 580, 581. Salivary glands, 581 



Vertebrate skeleton, development of, 989 



Vertigo, 349 



Vesicle, germinal, of Purkinje, 941, 942, 947. 

 Blastodermic, 952. Umbilical, 955, 956. 

 Auditory, 965. Graafian, 946. Optic or oc- 

 ular, 965. Cerebral, 961, 963 

 Vesicular respiratory murmurs, 814 

 Vessels and Nerves, General position of, 25 



Vessels (see Bloodvessels and Lymphatics) 



Vestibule of labyrinth of ear, 396, 407 



Vibrations of solid bodies, 203 



Villi, intestinal, 513. Structure of, 603, 604. 

 In both small and large intestines in Birds, 

 588. of chorion, 948, 958 



Vis insita, 88, 130, 142. musculosa, 88, 

 130, 142. nervosa, 89. 232 



Visceral plates, arches, and clefts, 967 



Vision, double, 456, 457. Field of, 453. Of 

 objects in erect position, 452. Range of,443. 

 Single, 458. With two eyes, 455. In ani- 

 mals, 472, 480 



Vital action or Life, 91. capacity of the 

 chest, 818-821. how modified, 820, 821. 

 force, 91, 232. knot, 231, 316. 

 properties of tissues, 88 ; contractility, 88, 

 130; sensibility, 88; formative property, 

 89; uses of. 91. stimuli, 90, 130. 

 contractility, 88 



Vitality, 91. of the blood, 716 



Vitellin, 72 



Vitelline membrane, 941, 946. Duct, 955, 

 956. Arteries and veins, 975. Caecum, 956 



Vitellus, or yolk, 941 



Vitreous humor, 427, 437, 965 



Vitro- dentine, 579 



Vocal apparatus in man, 208. Cords, 200 ; 

 superior or false, 201 ; true, 201. Vibratory 

 action of, 205. Fremitus, 815. Resonance, 

 815 



Voice and Speech, 200. In Man, organs of, 

 200. Modification of, 209. Personal qual- 

 ity, 210. Quality or timbre, 209. Strength, 

 209. Varieties, 208. Production and char- 

 acters, 205. In animals, 215-218 



Volition, seat of, 269 



Voluntary motion, 301 



Vomiting, 518-520. An antiperistaltic act, 

 517. Contraction of stomach in, 518. An- 

 tiperistaltic action of oesophagus in, 518. In- 

 fluence of abdominal muscles in, 518, 519. 

 A reflex act, 519. Cerebral, 520. From 

 emotional causes, 520 



Vowel sounds, 213 



Walking, act of, 173 



Want of breath, 352, 815 



Warm-blooded Animals (see Animals) 



Water, use of in system, 882. Destination of 

 in body, 902. Constitutional, 882. For- 

 mation of in body, 882. As a constituent 

 of the body, 81. Importance of pure, 861 



Water-bag of Ruminants, 583 



Water-cells of paunch in camel tribe, 583 



Water vessels of Entozoa, 868. of Rotifera, 

 698. of Scolecida, 110 



Weight of body, 896. At birth, 998. of 

 Organs of the body, 897 ; effect of starva- 

 tion on, 908 



Whartonian duct, 521 



Whey, 763 



Whispering, 213 



Whistling, 214, 817 



White substance of brain, composition of, 76 



Will, 291, 294, 296, 297, 299, 300 



Wind-instruments, 203 



Windpipe, 31, 98, 798, 799 



Winking, 418 



Wirsung, canal of, 541 



Wolffian bodies, 957, 973 



65 



