DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS 31 



dose being 5 to 10 drops. Strychnine is also administered [in Ger- 

 many] in the form of the tincture to dogs, calves, and lambs. [In 

 the United States, where the tincture of strychnine is not official, 

 tinctura nucis vomicae is prescribed as a bitter stomachic in the 

 following doses: for horses and cattle, 4-25, 5i to vj; dogs, 0.3-1, 

 TTjjv to XV.] Oxgall, fel bovis, is obsolete; it is also harmful, as it 

 precipitates pepsin. Condurango is alleged to be a specific for 

 gastric carcinoma. 



In the old therapeutics there were superfluous subclasses of the 

 bitter stomachics: Amara vera or pura (gentian), A. mucilag- 

 inosa (cetraria), A. aromatica (absinthe), A. salina (magnesium 

 sulphate), A. adstringentia (cinchona), A. tetanica (strychnine), 

 A. cathartica (aloe). 



(d) Aromatic Stomachics. — These stimulate the activity of 

 the glands of digestion, the appetite and the peristalsis of the 

 stomach. To this class belong rheum, calamus, anisum, foenic- 

 ulum, carum and *fructis juniperi; also sinapis alba and nigra, 

 *angelica, Valeriana and aurantii amari cortex. 



The dose of rhubarb as a stomachic for horses and cattle is 

 10-25, Sijss to vj. Of the other aromatics mentioned, the dose 

 for cattle is 25-50, 5vj to xii; horses, 10-25, 5ijss to vj; sheep 

 and goats, 2-5, grs. xxx to 5j; dogs, 0.5-2, grs. vij to xxx. 

 Rhubarb is given to dogs in the form of the tincture, the dose 

 being 4, 5 j. 



(e) Stimulant Stomachics. — The most important of these is 

 alcohol, which is also antiseptic; in addition, the group includes the 

 pungent spices: piper and capsicum, likewise the new remedy, 

 *orexin. All these substances cause hyperemia of the gastric 

 mucous membrane, abundant secretion of gastric juice, increased 

 peristalsis and a more rapid emptying of the stomach. They are 

 contra-indicated in severe affections of the stomach. 



The dose of alcohol as a stomachic for horses and cattle is 25-50, 

 5vj to xij; dogs, 2-5, tjjixxx to 5j. The dose of the peppers for 

 cattle is 10-20, 5ijss to v; horses, 5-10, 5 j to ijss; swine, 1-2, grs. xv 

 to xxx; dogs, 0.1-0.2, gr. j to iij. 



(f) Disinfectant Stomachics. — These are used in fermenta- 



