60 GENERAL THERAPEUTICS FOR VETERINARIANS 



9. Ammonii carbonas. Ammonium carbonate. A good and 

 cheap stimulant in heart weakness. Dose for cattle, 20-50, 5 jv to 

 xij; horses, 10-25, 3ijss to vj; sheep, goats and swine, 1-2, grs. 



XV to XXX. 



10. Valeriana. Valerian. An old but good stimulant; used 

 in the form of tinctura Valerianae. Dose for horses and cattle, 

 20-50, 5jv to xij; sheep and goats, 2-5, 5ss to 3j; dogs, 0.2-2, 

 TTl^iij to xxx; cats and fowl, 0.1-0.5, ttjjjss to vij. 



11. Potassii iodidum. Potassium iodide quiets the heart and 

 reduces blood-pressure in hypertrophy and palpitation. Dose for 

 horses and cattle, 5-15, 3i to jv; dogs, 0.25-1, grs. iij to xv; cats, 

 0.1-0.2, gr. jss to iij. 



12. Potassii bromidum and chloralum hydratum. Sedatives in 

 palpitation of the heart. Dose for horses and cattle, 20-50, Sjv to 

 xij ; dogs, 1-2, grs, xv to xxx, 



II. General Therapeutics of the Diseases of the Blood 



Pathology. — The diseases of the blood consist in a defect in 

 the formation of the blood. The total quantity may be decreased 

 (anaemia, pernicious ansemia) or, as more rarely happens, in- 

 creased (plethora) ; the number of white blood-cells may be greatly 

 increased (leukaemia), the number of red cells may be considerably 

 decreased (oligocythsemia), or the water content of the blood maybe 

 increased (hydrsemia) . Pernicious anaemia is a specially severe form 

 of anaemia with characteristic morphological changes in the red blood- 

 cells (poikilocytosis, macrocytosis, microcytosis). In addition to 

 these primary diseases of the blood, anaemia and hydraemia very fre- 

 quently occur secondarily in chronic disturbances of nutrition and in 

 infectious diseases (chronic gastro-intestinal catarrh, tuberculosis, 

 carcinoma cachexia, distomatosis) and after loss of blood. An ab- 

 normal thickening of the blood in consequence of the elimination of 

 water occurs in heat stroke and in profuse diarrhoea. Finally, the 

 blood shows severe parenchymatous and chemical changes in fever 

 (see the chapter on fever) and after the operation of poisons such 

 as potassium chlorate, paraldehyde, snake venom, carbon monox- 

 ide, saponin, ricin and other ferments; also in infectious diseases. 



