64 GENERAL THERAPEUTICS FOR VETERINARIANS 



3. Potassii bicarbonas. Potassium bicarbonate is used as a 

 blood plastic in anaemia. Dose for horses and cattle, 25-100, 5vj 

 to 5 iij ; sheep, 2-5, 5 ss to j ; dogs, 0.5-2, grs. vij to xxx. 



4. Sodii chloridum and sodii phosphas. Sodium chloride and 

 sodiimi phosphate are used as blood plastics in chronic disturb- 

 ances of nutrition. Doses same as potassium bicarbonate. 



5. Sulphur sublimatum, sulphur praecipitatum, sulphur lotum. 

 Sulphur is used as a blood plastic in specific blood diseases. Dose 

 for horses and cattle, 2-5, 3ss to 3j; sheep, 0.5-1, grs. vij to xv; 

 dogs, 0.05-0.2, grs. ^A to iij. 



6. Arseni trioxidmn. Arsenic. A valuable blood plastic in all 

 blood diseases and chronic disturbances of nutrition. Dose for 

 horses and cattle, 0.1-0.5, grs. jss to vij; sheep, 0.005-0.01, gr. 

 3/40 to 1/8; dogs, 0.001-0.005, gr. 1/70 to 3/40. The dose of 

 liquor potassii arsenitis (Fowler's solution) for horses and cattle is 

 10-50, 5ijss to xij; sheep, 0.2-0.5, irjiiij to vij; dogs, 0.1-0.2, n^jss 

 to iij. 



III. General Therapeutics of Diseases of the Blood- 

 vessels 



Pathology. — The diseases of the blood-vessels which call for 

 therapeutic interference are wounds and tears or ruptures (arterial, 

 venous and capillary hemorrhage), circulatory disturbances 

 (anaemia, active and passive hypersemia, thrombi, emboli), inflam- 

 mation (arteritis, phlebitis), dilatations (varices, aneurisms) and 

 neoplasms (angiomas, endotheliomas). The pathological changes 

 may involve the vessel walls, the vasomotor nervous system or the 

 vessel contents, i.e., the blood (quantity, distribution, property, 

 coagulation, blood-pressure, circulation). 



Physiology. — Of the three layers of the blood-vessel wall the 

 most important is the middle one, the muscular layer, which is the 

 motor organ for the constriction of the vessel. This layer is absent 

 from the capillaries, the walls of which consist of only contractile 

 endothelial cells. The nerves of the vessels (vasomotors) are 

 situated centrally as well as peripherally. The principal vessel 

 centre (vasomotor centre) is located in the medulla oblongata; 



