98 GENERAL THERAPEUTICS FOR VETERINARIANS 



of inflammation of the brain, canine distemper, contagious pneu- 

 monia, cerebrospinal meningitis, tuberculosis, strangles, and in 

 invasion of the brain by parasites (ccenuri, echinococci). 



3. Spinal convulsions. The rigid cramp of tetanus and the 

 convulsions occurring in the course of spinal meningitis, cerebro- 

 spinal meningitis, and trotting disease of sheep maybe mentioned as 

 examples. A disposition to take fright readily is also an indica- 

 tion of spinal excitement. 



4. Excited conditions of the peripheral nerves. The sensory- 

 nerves are in a condition of excitation in the different painful con- 

 ditions of external and internal organs: colic, cough, neuritis, 

 hypersesthesia, pruritis, nymphomania, satyriasis; the motor 

 nerves, in peripheral muscular spasms, cramp of the sphincters, 

 straining after prolapse, spasms of the stomach, intestines and 

 uterus, and palpitation of the heart. 



5. Poisonings. The most important intoxications accom- 

 panied by symptoms of excitation, and which are therefore to be 

 combated with sedatives, are poisoning by strychnine, veratrin, 

 atropine, hyoscine, aconitin, nicotine, cocaine, apomorphine, lead, 

 Hering^s lake, alcohol, red poppy and aspidium, 



6. Finally, the sedatives are used to prepare animals for opera- 

 tions (see the chapter on general and local narcosis, p. 101). 



Classification. — The sedatives are divided into several sub- 

 divisions, according to the purposes for which they are used, as 

 follows: 



1. Sedatives in a general sense. These include potassium 

 bromide, chloral hydrate, [cannabis indica], opium, morphine, 

 codeine, peppermint, matricaria and valerian. 



2. Hypnotics: sulphonal, trional, veronal, medinal, adalin, 

 hypnone, morphine and codeine. 



3. Narcotics or anaesthetics, which are again divided into 

 general and local. General: chloroform, [chloral], ether, ethyl 

 bromide, etc. Local: cocaine, adrenalin, novocaine, anaesthin, 

 eucaine B, alypin, tropacocaine, stovain, propsesin, subcutin, 

 zycloform, orthoform, holocain, nirvanin, antipyrine, morphine, 

 ether, menthol, freezing mixtures, etc. Some of the local anaes- 



