GENERAL THERAPEUTICS OF THE GLANDS 131 



2. *Arecoline. Also a powerful diaphoretic and a specific 

 against laminitis; to be preferred to pilocarpine because less expen- 

 sive (compare the dose) and more stable. Dose of *arecolinaB 

 hydrobromidum for the horse (subcutaneously), 0.05-0.1, grs. 

 ?^ to iss. 



3. Hot infusions of the aromatics: matricaria, *flores tiUae, 

 *sambuci fiores, mentha piperita, and *melissa. These 'dia- 

 phoretics of the old therapeutics are still sometimes employed, 

 e.g. J in rheumatic colic of the horse. Their diaphoretic action is 

 due principally to the warm water which the infusions contain. 

 They are still very conamonly used in human medicine. 



4. Washing the skin with vinegar and then applying a Priess- 

 nitz dressing. A very good method of assisting the action of pilo- 

 carpine and arecoline. 



5. *Ammonii acetas is sometimes prescribed internally as a 

 diaphoretic. Dose for the horse, 10-25, Sijss to vj. [Liquor am- 

 monii acetatis, spirit of mindererus, contains about 7 per cent, of 

 ammonium acetate. Dose for the horse, 60-120, 5ij to iv; dogs, 

 8-30, 3ii to viij.] 



2. DRUGS THAT STIMULATE THE SECRETION OF SALIVA 

 SIALAGOGUES 



Synonyms: Sialics, ptyalogogues, masticatives, masticatorics. 



Actions and Uses. — Of the drugs known at this time, only pilo- 

 carpine and arecoline really possess a pronounced specific effect 

 upon the salivary glands. These drugs stimulate the peripheral 

 nerves of the saHvary glands and the salivary centre and thereby 

 increase the secretion of saliva to a great degree and for some 

 time, even when given in small doses. Eserine and muscarine are 

 similar in action but much weaker. 



The effects resulting from an increased secretion of saliva are 

 very similar to those produced by diaphoresis. Of special impor- 

 tance in therapeutics is the circumstance that a large amount of 

 water is withdrawn from the body, the blood therefore becoming 

 thicker and the resorption of transportable fluids in the body being 

 thereby promoted. A horse, for example, will lose 20 to 30 liters 



