234 GENERAL THERAPEUTICS FOR VETERINARIANS 



2. The subcutaneous or hypodermatic vaccination is carried 

 out with a Pravaz injection syringe or by incising the skin and 

 forming a pocket (mice, guinea-pigs, rabbits, pigeons, chickens). 

 These methods are used for anthrax, black leg, lung plague, 

 swine erysipelas, swine plague and hog cholera, chicken cholera, 

 and rinderpest, in the diagnosis of glanders, for serum inocula- 

 tion and for the injection of tuberculin and mallein. 



3. The interstitial or intramuscular inoculation consists in the 

 injection of the vaccine into the interstitial tissues or muscles. 

 It is therefore an essentially deeper vaccination than the sub- 

 cutaneous and is employed, for example, for the purpose of diag- 

 nosing black leg, rabies, and tuberculosis. Ostertag prefers the 

 intramuscular injection to the intraperitoneal for the bacterio- 

 logical demonstration of udder tuberculosis (milk) for the reason 

 that the disease can be diagnosed in the inoculated guinea-pigs 

 as early as ten days after the injection (nodules of the size of a 

 pea in the neighboring lymph glands). 



4. The intravenous vaccination introduces the infectious ma- 

 terial directly into the blood stream. The needle of the syringe 

 is inserted into the vein and the vaccine is injected in the same 

 manner as drugs are injected intravenously. This method is used 

 in the protective vaccination against tuberculosis of cattle (bovo- 

 vaccine, Tauruman) and was formerly recommended in black leg 

 and lung plague. 



5. The intracranial inoculation is used only for the purpose of 

 diagnosing rabies. It consists in trephining the skull-cap of rab- 

 bits and introducing the suspected material under the dura by 

 means of a specially constructed curved needle. Analogous 

 methods are the intracerebral (injection into the brain) and the 

 lumbar injection (subdural injection in the lumbar region). 



6. The intraperitoneal inoculation has attained a great im- 

 portance in the diagnosis of tuberculosis. It consists in the injec- 

 tion of suspected milk into the peritoneal cavity of guinea-pigs 

 and is carried out simply by means of an ordinary injection syringe. 

 The result of the inoculation, however, is only to be expected 3 to 



