VACCINATION. IMMUNIZATION. INOCULATION 255 



sense, injections of tuberculin and mallein belong to the latter 

 method of inoculation. 



Inoculation of Other Animals. — This method of inoculation is 

 used for the purpose of diagnosing anthrax, glanders, tuberculosis, 

 fowl cholera, swine erysipelas, hog cholera, swine plague, strangles, 

 contagious pneumonia of horses, hemorrhagic septicaemia, black 

 leg, rabies, malignant oedema and Canadian horse pox. 



1. Anthrax. — ^Although the protective vaccination for anthrax 

 is subcutaneous, the diagnostic inoculation is made cutaneously in 

 order to avoid mixed infection. The best animals for inoculation 

 are mice, rabbits and guinea-pigs; the best inoculation materials 

 are the blood and spleen pulp. Mice are inoculated on the end of 

 the ear after the tip has been clipped off; rabbits and guinea-pigs 

 are inoculated in slight scratch-wounds on the ears. If anthrax 

 is present, the inoculated animal dies in two to three days; on 

 post-mortem examination numerous characteristic anthrax bacilli 

 are found in the blood. 



2. Black Leg. — Guinea-pigs are used as inoculation animals. 

 Rabbits are immune to black leg but are very susceptible to an- 

 thrax. If guinea-pigs and rabbits are inoculated simultaneously 

 with the same material and only the guinea-pigs die, then black 

 leg is probably present. Inoculated guinea-pigs continue to live 

 if they are treated with black-leg serum. In contrast with anthrax, 

 the inoculations are made subcutaneously only and not cuta- 

 neously. The subcutaneous inoculation of guinea-pigs is the most 

 important diagnostic method in doubtful cases and in question- 

 able post-mortem findings. 



3. Glanders. — Several male guinea-pigs are inoculated simul- 

 taneously with the suspected material (pus). The inoculations 

 are made subcutaneously in the abdominal region — a fold of skin 

 is cut with small scissors and a pocket is formed into which the 

 material is inserted; or, the material is injected intraperitoneally. 

 Fourteen days after the subcutaneous injection, if glanders is 

 present, characteristic sjmaptoms appear. The point of inocula- 

 tion has been transformed into an ulcer, in the proximity of which 



