PART FIRST. 



EUTOKIA, OR TOKOLOGY. 



Those divisions of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathology which are 

 directly related to the processes of generation, gestation or pregnancy , 

 &nd 2^arti(rition, as well as that act itself, belong to tlie section of Obste- 

 trics to which the designation of EUTOKIA («?, ivell or favourable, and 

 Toxos, birth), or TOKOLOGY, has been given. We shall discuss each of 

 these subjects in the order in which they now stand, commencing with 

 the anatomij of the pelvis, and of the external and internal organs of 

 generation. 



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BOOK I. 



OBSTETRICAL ANATOMY. 



The female organs chiefly concerned in generation and parturition are 

 either entirely passive, or more or less active ; according as they are 

 composed of hard or bony, or soft parts. The i^elvis constitutes the first, 

 while the second are composed of the organs and structures contained 

 within it, or more or less directly attached to it. The pelvis also forms 

 the passage which the foetus has to pass through in order to reach the 

 external world in the act of parturition. 



The soft organs are the vulva, vagina, uterus, ovaries, and manuiuB : 

 the latter furnish the young creature with its proper nourishment imme- 

 diately after birth. Of these soft organs, some are external, and others 

 are internal ; the first are the vulva and mammae, and the second are 

 the vagina, uterus, and ovaries. The vagina and the greater portion of 

 the unimpregnated uterus are contained in the cavity of the pelvis ; and 

 the ovaries, as well as the uterus during pregnancy, are lodged in the 

 abdomen. 



Our study will commence with an examination of the pelvis in the 

 various domesticated animals, beginning with a description of the bones 

 of which it is composed ; then its ligaments ; and, lastly, this osseous 

 framework, which is of much importance, will be considered as a whole, 

 and from an obstetrical point of view. 



Afterwards the external and internal organs of generation will be 

 described, and their differences noted in the various species. 



The P]quine species will be taken as the type, and the differences in 

 the other species compared with it. 



C II A 1^ T !•: K I . 

 The Pelvis. 



The pelvis is the large, symmetrical, more or less horizontal, or horizon- 

 tally conoidal cavity or canal which continues the abdomen posteriorly, 

 and with which it communicates in front. It is formed of bony and 

 ligamentous walls, and contains, sustains, and protects a portion of the 



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