EXTER^TAL ORGAXS OF UEXEILI TlnX. 31 



lower aspect, is a valve whose free margin is directed backwaz-ds ; this 

 valve surmounts a cul-de-sac about the third of an inch. This valve of 

 the canal must be remembered in passing the catheter into the bladder. 

 About an inch within the entrance of the vulva, and imbedded within 

 the substance of its lips, are the vulvo-va<ji)ial (jhoids {(/laiulnla vagince, 

 S. Duvcrncyi, S. Bartholini) — large almond-shaped bodies whose widest 

 exti'emity is directed upwards, and the narrow end, situated near the 

 clitoro-sciatic muscle, is prolonged into their excretory canals. These 

 are conglomerate glands, whose excretory ducts unite to form a kind of 

 sinus that at last opens into the vulva, about the third of an inch from 

 the labia. The clitoris is longer, and more tortuous and slender than in 

 the Mare, and contains a dense fibrous nucleus of a spiral shape. The 

 vaginal bulb is much more extensive than in the Mare, and is continued 

 to the clitoris, where it is covered by a thick muscle, which descends 

 from the extremity of the sacrum, and terminates on the clitoris. The 

 same changes occur in the vulva of the Cow as in the Mare during 

 oestrum, and towards the termination of pregnancy ; the mucous 

 secretion of the vagina is more abundant in the Cow, however, and 

 persists longer. 



SJicep. 



In the Sheep which has not copulated, a filamentary band, stretching 

 across the constriction between the uro-genital canal and the vagina, 

 represents the hipnen. The 2Ialpi(jhian canals open into that passage 

 near the constriction, and the crura of the clitoris are enfolded Isy 

 erector muscles ; while the clitoris itself protrudes immediately within 

 the peak of the vulva. 



Pi'.h 

 In the Pig, the urctJira opens between two longitudinal ridges ; but 

 the surface of these and other similar prominences in the uro-genital 

 passage is interrupted by numerous fine, wavy, oblique furrows. There 

 is no vaginal valve, as in the other animals. The clitoris is comparatively 

 small, and the inferior commissure of the vulva is still moi-e acute and 

 pointed than in the Cow and Ruminants in general. Towards the 

 meatus are numerous fine points — the openings of glands analogous to 

 the prostates ; and on the sides of that orifice are two small fossaa 

 surrounded by a raised border. 



Bitch and Cat. 



In the Bitch the vulva is triangular, and the inferior commissure 

 acute. The clitoris is a small tubercle, and the uretlira opens between 

 a little transverse fold and the triangular flattened clitoris; beyond this 

 is a second transverse crescentic fold, with its concavity opposite that 

 of the preceding. In the Cat, a small cartilage or l;one exists in the 

 clitoris ; this is not found in any other of the domesticated animals. 



The Peiunj:um is the name given to the space between the superior 

 commissure of the vulva and the lower margin of the anus. Its length 

 varies in different species, and in different-sized animals of the same 

 species ; but it is shorter in creatures which have produced young than 

 in those which have not. It is composed of various tissues — externally 

 is the smooth, tine, and very elastic skin, with the vertical prominent 

 line passing down its middle — the " raphe ;" beneath this are connective 



