174 PATHOLOGY OF I'llEGNAXCY. 



This abnormal deviation from ordinary gestation, happily very rare in 

 the domesticated animals, has received various names — such as Extra- 

 uterine ijregnancji, Exfcetation, Conceptio vitiosa, etc. The first is that 

 usually employed ; and the different varieties are commonly designated 

 from the situation the ovum occupies. Thus we have (1) Ovarian 

 fcetation , when the ovum is detained in the ovary ; (2) Ovario-tuhal, 

 when lodged partly in the Fallopian tube and partly in the ovary ;' (3) 

 Tubal, when the tube is the situation; (4) Interstitial, when the ovum 

 ■enters the parietes ol^ie uterus at the termination of the tube, but is 

 arrested between the uLres before it can reach the cavity of that organ ; 

 (5) Utero-tubal, a compound of the two, the ovum being partly in the tube 

 and partly in the uterus ; (6) Utero-tuho-ahdominal, when the foetus is in 

 the peritoneum, the umbilical cord passing through the tube to the 

 uterus ; (7) Tuho-ahdominal, when the foetal envelopes are fixed in the 

 tube, but the foetus is developed in the peritoneal cavity ; and (8) 

 Ventral or abdominal fo'tation, when the embryo is formed and develops 

 in the abdomen ; (9) Vaginal ffMation, when the ovum is implanted and 

 becomes developed in the vagina. 



Extra-uterine pregnancy is extremely rare in the domesticated 

 animals, and appears to be much more so in them than in woman ; 

 several of the varieties just enumerated have never, to my knowledge, 

 been observed in them. This ma}' be fully accounted for by the 

 different arrangement of their generative apparatus, the much less 

 tendency of these to disease, functional disorder, or deformity, and also, 

 •doubtless, to their function being only that of reproduction. With 

 regard to anatomical arrangement as averting, to some extent at least, 

 this misplaced gestation, we may point out that of the Mare as typical 

 — though the same indication is applicable to the case of the other large 

 animals. In this creature, the escape of the ovum into the abdominal 

 cavity can only occur through some malformation or anomaly in the 

 -conformation of the fimbriated extremity of the tube, which, in the 

 normal condition, is applied to the base of the ovary, and envelops it 

 during the genital excitement. Neither is it likely that its course 

 through the cavity of the tube can be checked, as this is short and 

 ■direct ; and the comparative thinness of the uterine walls almost 

 precludes the probability of the ovum lodging itself in them. 



Ovarian fcetation has very seldom been observed, so far as my re- 

 searches have led me ; though its occurrence in the domesticated 

 animals is far from being impossible. It has been divided into two 

 kinds — internal ovarian, when the embryo is developed in the Graafian 

 vesicle or interior of the ovary ; and external ovarian, when the ovum 

 has left the vesicle and grows beneath the envelope of the ovary. The 

 only instances on record are given by Rohlwes, Gurlt and Plot. The 

 first observed this rare form of gestation in a Mare which had been 

 pregnant twenty-one days. The ovary was greatly enlarged, and con- 

 tained a small embryo in a vesicle. Plot observed it in a Cow, and 

 also in three Sows. 



Tubal fcetation, in which the embryo is developed in the Fallopian 

 tube, is also exceedingly rare, if the paucity of cases reported is any 

 criterion. Rohlwes mentions having found the bones of a foetus in the 

 left Fallopian tube ; and Carus says this form has been noted in the 

 Rabbit. Carsten Harms speaks of it as causing fatal internal haemor- 

 rhage, by rupture of the tube, through the incapacity of the latter to 

 -distend sufficiently for the development of the foetus. 



