(7KX/:/!,l L < •nXSlDEHA T/i>Xs: 



281 



Cow — con tin ued. 



7. Under the same circumstances 

 the calf may live four or five days 

 /;/ ntcro, as life is maintained by 

 the placental connections. These 

 ditferences are oxjilaincd by the 

 mechanism of fatal life in the two 

 species of animals, as well as by 

 the anatomy of the uterus and 

 fcetal membranes. 



8. The neck of the fcetus being 

 shorter and thicker, the head is 

 less twisted, and the operator can 

 with <,'reater ease bring it back 

 into its normal position. In addi- 

 tion, there are teeth in the lower 

 jaw, the neck of which is narrow ; 

 so that the slipknot does not leave 

 it, and straightening of the head 

 and neck becomes an easier affair. 



yiMiK^con fill ued. 

 7. The duration of the life of 

 the foetus, in a case of abnormal 

 labour, does not extend beyond 

 the fourth hour, on account of the 

 young animal having to maintain 

 its independent existence, as if 

 already born. 



8. The neck of the Foal being 

 very long, the head is usually 

 found deeply buried in the Hank 

 whenever it is turned backwards. 

 The operator has very great ditli- 

 culty in reaching the head with 

 his hand ; indeed, it is often im- 

 possible to bring it into its natural 

 position. The loop slips off the 

 neck of the lower jaw, and has 

 constantly to be replaced ; it is 

 scarcely possible to fix a cord 

 there, this portion of the jaw being 

 so short and the foetus having no 

 teeth. 



0. When once the amniotic fluid 

 has escaped, the introduction of 

 the hand is difficult, owing to the 

 genital organs becoming dry ; this 

 dryness causes an efflux of blood 

 to the mucous membranes. The 

 resistance made by the fo'tal 

 membranes to manipulation, when 

 made to ascertain either the posi- 

 tion of the foetus or for correcting 

 the position, together with the 

 stniggles and violence of the Mare, 

 which now and then drops as if 

 dead, are all difticulties to be over- 

 come. 



Presentations which, in the Cow — owing to its phlegmatic tempera- 

 ment, intenals of quietude, and more gentle and tractable nature — arc 

 common, and as a rule adjustable, are yet most diflicult in the Mare, 

 and if not quickly attended to, rapidly lead to a fatal termination. 

 With regard to diflicult parturition in the other domesticated animals, 

 the Goat and Ewe come next to the Cow in the order of frequency ; 

 though cases of dystokia are not so often noted in them as in that 

 animal. It is to be remarked, however, that assistance is not so 

 easily rendered them, owing to the introduction of the hand into the 

 uterus not being always possible. In th? (loat the act is sometimes 

 very prolonged, though on account of the multiple placenta) the fa'tus 

 may live as long as in the Cow. With the Ewe the same occurrence 

 is observed, but in this creature it is sometimes possible to introduce 



9. The genital organs are con- 

 tinually lubricated by a mucus 

 fluid which, while it facilitates the 

 introduction of the hand, renders 

 easy any necessary correction of 

 position, and favours parturient 

 operations. Besides, any move- 

 ment made is not, in general, of 

 much consequence. 



