426 



FCETAL DYSTOKIA. 



rXATCRAI. 





Obstacles due to the 

 Hind-Limbs 



Causes which may be 

 met with in all^ 

 Positions ... 



Obstacles due to the 

 Head 



rDorso-pubic. 

 Abnormal Positions - Dorso-supra-cotyloidean (right or 

 [ left). 

 /The hind -limbs are extended and 



retained at the stifles. 

 - The hind-limbs are flexed beneath 



the body and enter the pelvis 



with it. 

 TThe limbs are on the neck. 



Obstacles due to the '^\^ ^V^}"' ^^ i°,^°."^Ple*ely ^^- 

 T' J • , -, tended in the pelvis. 



The limbs are flexed at the knees. 



The limbs are completely retained. 



The head is flexed downwards. 



The head is flexed beneath the 



chest. 



The head is turned to one side of 



body. 



The head is extended on the back. 



/The head is retained with one or 



Combined Obstacles both fore-limbs. 



due to the Head -| The head is retained, or one of the 



and Limbs ... I fore or hind limbs has entered 



' the pelvis. 



fLumbo-pubic. 



Abnormal Positions -] Lumho-(*upra - cotyloidean (right 



y and left). 



^, . 1 J i. iv /The neck is contracted. 

 Obstacles due to the mu r v u ^ ai, 



I The fore - limbs are under the 



j chest, and enter the pelvis with 

 •• I it. 



/ The limbs are incompletely ex- 

 Causes to be met with f Obstacles due to the tended in the genital canal. 

 in ALL Positions ...\ Hind-Limbs ... The limbs are flexed at the hocks. 



I, The limbs are completely retained. 

 (dorso tt-mear positions/^^P^*^°"^^^*^ ("S^t and left). 

 TRANSVERSE ' ^^^^° ' ^^ ^'^^^ position s ^ Cephalo-sacral. 

 PRESENTATION. " Sterno - abdominal Posi- / CephaloUial (right and left). 

 [ TiONS ... ... ...\Cephalo-sacral. 



P-( 



f^- 



Natural 



Head 

 Limbs 



Fore- 



CHAPTEE I. 

 Dystokia depending on the Anterior Presentation. 



It will be seen from the preceding table, which is that followed by 

 Saint-Cyr — the tables of Franck and other veterinary obstetrists differ- 

 ing somewhat — that the causes of dystokia due to the foetus are 

 numerous and varied. In each of the presentations there may be 

 difficulties, as well as in the positions, many of which may be more 

 or less vicious and complicated, whether as regards the whole mass of 

 the body or only parts thereof — as the limbs, head and neck, etc. 



In this presentation the obstacles are somewhat numerous ; for 

 while it may be normal the position may be reversed, or the hind-limbs 

 may impede birth ; or the presentation itself may be abnormal and 

 combined with one of the positions described. 



Eainard, looking at the subject from an obstetrical point of view, 

 considered the head and hmbs of the foetus as appendages which, from 

 their wrong direction, may more or less hinder its expulsion. Thus 

 the head, one or both of the fore-limbs, or even the posterior limbs in 

 the anterior position, may cause the most varied complications, one or 

 more of which may be found in the same animal, and even compli- 



