502 



OBSTETRICAL OPERATIONS. 



bead firmly and solidly, either with a view to correct deviation when 

 this part is in malposition, or to exercise traction upon it when it is 

 adjusted, and when the foetus remains immovable by pulling at the 

 fore-limbs. 



We have suggested that the noose of the cord, sufficiently widened, 

 instead of being placed on the lower jaw, should be first passed into the 

 mouth of the foetus, then carried up over the head and behind the ears 

 — the loop of the noose remaining, of course, tightly drawn in the 

 mouth, as this must be the direction from which the traction is exercised; 

 if pulled at from behind the ears, the noose would be drawn off. In 

 placing the noose in this position, the straight porte-cord — and especially 

 Mr. Cartwright's pattern — will be found very useful. 



Instead of this simple noose, which can readily be made when needed, 

 rarious kinds of head-stall have been proposed by veterinary obstetrists 



Fig. 156. 



Fig. 157. 



BiNz's Simple Head-Collar. Rueff's Head-Collar. 



No. 1. 



Fig. 158. 



Rueff's Head-Collar. 

 No. 2. 



from time to time, and some of these possess certain advantages. 

 Giinther, many years ago, pointed out the advantages of a head-band 

 like that represented in Fig. 154, the upper part of which was passed 

 behind the ears, while the inferior part with the running knot lay between 

 the branches of the lower jaw. Binz soon after proposed a kind of head- 

 collar, or halter, which could be adapted to different-sized heads 

 (Fig. 156). It is made from a long piece of cord with a loop or eyelet 

 at one end, and at a certain distance from this — from fourteen to six- 

 teen inches — a second loop. The other end of the cord is passed 

 through the first loop, so as to make a noose which goes round the 

 neck of the foetus ; then through the second loop which goes round the 

 lower part of the head, and may be made large or small. The remain- 

 ing portion is used for traction. This improvised halter is held at its 

 upper part by the index-finger and thumb, passed into the genital canal 



