504 



OBSTETRICAL OPERATIOXS. 



above and below the hole ; this waxed thread being also run up on the 

 loop, to give it a certain degree of rigidity. The other half of the cord 

 is freely movable in its hole in the runner, and a knot tied near its end 

 allows it to be distinguished from the fixed half. The nose-hand (3, 3) 

 is made of two strong but soft strips of leather sewn one within the 

 other, and doubled in the middle to constitute a loop eight to ten inches 

 long : the two portions being made into a single cord (-4) between three 

 and four feet long, and which passes through the single hole across the 

 runner. The middle part of the nose-loop has a kind of shield or button 

 of thin leather, to prevent the loop slipping through the hole. 



This was the apparatus first devised by Schaack, but recently he has 

 somewhat modified and simplified it, by dispensing with the nose-band 



IM 



Fig. 160. Fig. 161. 



Schaack's Forceps-Halter. Manner of placing 



Schaack's Halter. 

 1, 1. Head-stall; 2, 2. Two Cords, its con- 

 tinuation ; 3, 3. Nose-band ; 4. Single Cord 

 forming a continuation of the Loop con- 

 stituting the Nose-band ; 5. Metal Runner, 

 uniting the several parts of the Halter. 



altogether, as he found that the nose of the foetus could be better 

 guided and held by the hand. Experience has proved that this simpli- 

 fication allows the halter to be more easily applied. 



The manner in which the original halter was employed is described 

 as follows : — The head of the foetus being in front of the inlet and 

 readily accessible to the hand, the nose-loop is pulled through the runner 

 until stopped by the leather button, while the head-stall loop is made 

 sufficiently wide. The middle of the latter is placed at the end of the 

 middle fingers, the movable part of the cord being between the middle 

 and index-finger, the fixed side between the ring and little finger 

 (Fig. 161). The apparatus is at first held by the index and middle 

 fingers against the other fingers, as well as by the thumb, which keeps 

 both cords in the palm of the hand ; and finally by the left hand, 



