MAMMITIS on MASTITIS. 685 



quarter yielded good milk, and in the morning blood or reddish-coloured 

 serum would be found dropping from the teat. In twenty-four hours 

 from the commencement of the disease, death not unfrequently ensued. 

 If, in the first twelve hours, the malady did not yield to antiphlogistic 

 treatment, the skin covering the part and tlie hard gland, hitherto hot, 

 became cold, painless to the touch, and assumed a dark-blue, glazed 

 appearance. Then an u'dematous swelling showed itself in front of the 

 udder, and which soon extended to the umbilicus and sternum, along 

 the side of the body, and down the thigh to the hocks. The develop- 

 ment of this a^dema was a sure sign that gangrene had commenced in 

 the mass of the diseased gland, and the sanious Huid which could be 

 drawn fron; the now insensitive teat was a further proof of this condi- 

 tion. When this change took place, the animal seemed to be much 

 easier ; it looked livelier, began to graze and eat, and even to ruminate. 

 But the dark-blue colour of the udder, and the oedema extending tliere- 

 from, were unmistakable signs of approaching death, which usually 

 occurred in thirty-six hours, when operations on the udder and scarifi 

 cation of the swelling did not avail. 



This form of mammitis attacked young and old, good and bad, among 

 the Ewes, but more particularly those of the improved foreign breeds 

 — the Ewes that reared weakly Lambs which could not sutliciently 

 empty the udder, and which were well fed. 



Kotelmann believed that this insufficient evacuation of the manmia?, 

 mechanical injury to the teat, etc., was the cause. 



Pathological Anatomi/. 



In the majority of instances, the interlobular connective tissue is the 

 principal seat of the inflammation, particularly when the disease has 

 been neglected. The layers of this tissue enveloping the lobules and 

 acini are swollen and infiltrated, and compress, or even efface, the 

 proper substance of the gland, as well as the vessels of the part. It is 

 this swelling and infiltration which cause tumefaction of the marania^ ; 

 though the inflammation of the proper gland-tissue will bring about 

 the same results. Retention of the milk is caused by the inflam- 

 matory infiltration of the connective tissue surrounding the milk ducts 

 and canals. When inflammation has gone on to suppuration, we find, 

 on section of the affected part, the gland tissue more or less occupied by 

 large and small abscesses, adjoining healthy connective tissue ; these 

 abscesses may be isolated, or communicate with each other and form 

 one large irregular cavity. Sometimes there is necrosis of the liga- 

 mentous bands which form the principal septa between the glands, and 

 in this way are produced fistula) or secondary abscesses, which may 

 open externally or into the milk sinuses. These latter are generally 

 lined by a large quantity of cylindrical epithelium : in severe cases 

 their walls are thickened and of a dark colour ; their cavity, as well 

 as that of the teat, being dilated with the altered fluid. The matter 

 in the abscesses varies exceedingly in its composition. Along with 

 cylindrical epithelium are blood-corpuscles, fat-crystals, fragments of 

 yellow elastic tissue, colostrum corpuscles, and an extraordinary quan- 

 tity of micrococci of various shapes. 



The interlobular connective tissue is thickened, dense, and like tendon 

 or cartilage (sclerosis). The gland tissue itself has, instead of a yellow 

 tint, a marbled aspect ; in chronic cases calcareous salts may even be 

 found in the textures. So that parenchymatous mammitis is not only 



