696 PATHOLOGY OF PARTURITION. 



a weak solution of carbolic acid (2| per cent.) or alum (2 per cent.), up 

 tlae teat by means of a glass syringe, always after milking ; the fluid 

 should be at a temperature of 95^ Fahr. Franck has proved the value 

 of this precaution, and also its utility as a remedial measure; indeed, 

 Armatage had previously recommended the injection of weak solutions 

 of carbonate of soda or potash in mastitis. Franck has employed a ten 

 per cent, emulsion of carbolic acid as an injection in artificially-produced 

 mastitis (sixty grammes daily), and by this means suppressed the 

 development of micrococci and bacteria in the milk, as well as prevented 

 curdling of that fluid in the ducts and sinuses. Solutions of alum — ten 

 per cent., 100 grammes injected daily — appeared to be also beneficial in 

 this direction. And Nocard successfully treated the chronic catarrhal 

 form of mammitis in which he found a special bacillus, by injecting up 

 the teat of the affected quarter a four per cent, tepid solution of boric 

 acid ; this was done after milking in the evening, at intervals of eight 

 days, two or three repetitions being sufficient. The induration of the 

 gland gradually diminished, the milk resumed its ordinary characters, 

 and the bacillus disappeared from it. In order to prevent the spread of 

 the disease, the person who milked the cattle, before doing so, washed 

 his hands and the teats of the animals with a three per cent, solution 

 of carbolic acid, the aflected cow^s being the last to receive his attention. 

 Their milk was kept apart and given to pigs. 



Armatage reconmiends that animals suffering from gangrene of the 

 mammee should be removed from those which are pregnant, " as great 

 excitement will be produced by the odour of decomposition,'' and abortion 

 is probable. 



CHAPTEE X. 

 Agalactia. 



" Agalactia," or absence of milk in the mammae, is not uncommon in 

 animals, particularly the Mare and Cow, and more especially in those 

 which have not been bred from for a long time, or which have brought 

 forth their first young, though themselves aged. This absence of secre- 

 tion may occur even when pregnancy has been normal and has reached 

 its full limit. The udder is small and soft, and attempts at milking 

 only result in the production of some drops of yellowish matter, followed 

 sometimes by a few drops of white watery fluid. There appears to be a 

 want of development in the lacteal apparatus, which various causes 

 concur in producing. The principal of these causes are : previous or 

 present chronic disease in the mammae ; atrophy of these glands ; ex- 

 haustion following disease ; severe labour ; insufficient food, either 

 during or immediately after pregnancy ; natural debility, emaciation, 

 etc. In some instances the milk gradually appears some time after 

 parturition, and a tolerable quantity is secreted ; but in the majority of 

 cases it is either not produced at all, or only in very small quantity. 

 This condition is very unfortunate for the progeny, which will suffer 

 from hunger if not observed, and must either be artificially reared, or 

 put to another animal to be suckled. 



The treatment of this condition frequently proves unsuccessful. It 

 must chiefly consist in giving good food, particularly of a leguminous 

 kind, with aniseed and fennel, fennel-seeds, water fennel, ilfe«7?i mutelli- 

 num, antimonials, and other agents which are likely to stimulate the 



