AIlTHIiiris. 72r. 



tact with it. In many cases the urachus is black — a bluish-black hue 

 extending some distance along the mucous membrane of the bladder. 

 The umbilical vein is also black, and tilled with a cheesy material — de- 

 generated lymph, or coagulum of blood. 



The local ai)pearances — /.c, in the joints — are, in the first stages, inflam- 

 mation of the synovial membrane, which in a short time extends to the 

 ends of the bones and to the ligamentous structures^the whole iiaving 

 an intensely scarlet hue, which diminishes in a few days. Coagulablf 

 lymph becomes etVused into the cavities of the joints, forming perfect 

 casts of their interior, and tilling up the interspaces between the bones. 

 In time, the exuded lymph conunences to soften and break down, and 

 owing to the contraction of the mass the fluid portion is pressed out, 

 and intermixes with the degenerated lymph. Fluid is also thrown out 

 from the irritated vessels of the joint, and aids in the softening of the 

 lymph. After a time suppuration is thoroughly established, and pus 

 cells are distinguished by the aid of the microscope. The sheaths of 

 the tendons running over the fronts of the joints becomes excessively 

 inflamed, and the bloodvessels of the ligamentous structures are filled 

 with scarlet blood. The cartilage covering the articular ends of the bones 

 becomes ulcerated and blackened, as is also the cancellated structure 

 of the bones themselves ; extravasations of blood, from perforation of the 

 coats of the vessels, take place, the coagula either undergoing degenera- 

 tion or healthy organization. In the latter case, distinct granulations 

 are formed, wiiich, on recovery of the animal, fill up the cavities pro- 

 duced by the lymph. The flakes of lymph which are found floating 

 in the fluid contents of the joints or adherent to their sides, are 

 often mistaken for scrofulous deposits. If animals have lived sufli- 

 ciently long, multiple pyicmic abscesses are found in the various organs 

 and structures of the body. Blood from deceased Lambs introduced 

 into the veins of a Dog, has given rise to the formation of multiple 

 liepatic abscesses. 



From this description of the pathological anatomy of the malady, 

 there can scarcely be any doubt as to its pyirmic or septic origin, and 

 this is further demonstrated by the description of its morbid anatomy 

 by Bollinger.' 



' Jhnt-rhf Z'i/'rhrif'/jiir T/iif mifdirhi, IS?'-.— A nuile Calf Ix.rn at tlif Agricultural 

 School of Strickhof, near Zurich, showed H^inptoiiiH, soon aftrr l>irth, of inHainination of 

 the unihilicUM. As the joints began to swell, ancl there wa« nn hoj)e of saving the 

 animal from the efftcts of the drea^lful jnint disease — " gelenk.seuche "—it was destroyed 

 eight days afterwards. The body was dissected an hour after death, but the examination 

 w.-vs imperfectly made. The umbilical ring was discovereil to be still open ; it formed a cir- 

 cular aperture alxiut two centimetres in diameter, the sides of which were covered with 

 ulcers and a greenish-yellow pus. The umbilical veins and the joints had been thrown 

 away, and thertfore the investigation cfjuld not be continued. Projecting about the 

 upper margin of lx)th hmgs were several cuneiform tumours of a dark-red colcvur, and of 

 a solid consistency. In the ]>ericardium was a quantity of pale serum, in which floated 

 loose stringy fibres. In the cavity of the heart were » few detached fibres and blood- 

 clots. Benrath the endix»rdium were various-sized patches of ecchymoses and bloo«l 

 extravasations. Nothing abnormal was observed in the liver and kidneys except 

 bloodlessness. 



Another Calf was bom at the same establishment on Febrtiary Gth. Its birth had 

 been laborious, and thy umbilical cord was divirled in the ordinary natural manner. The 

 animal did not appear to k>e as lively as it ought. About eight days after birth a swell- 

 ing showed itself in the neighbourhood of the navel ; this, however, disappeared after 

 the application of poultices. Fourteen days after birth the Calf could not stand, and 

 painful swellings app>eared on the inner aspect of the knee joints. Until this time the 

 creature had a gootl appetite, and h.ad taken a plentiful supply of milk regtilarly every 

 d.iy. On Febnian.- 27th, the appetite entirely failed, and on the 28th the Calf ^was 



