738 DISEASES AND ABNORMALITIES OF THE YOUNG ANIMAL. 



is of their progeny escaping. If moved in three to four, or four to six 

 weeks before parturition, their safety may be fairly assured. The stable 

 or shed in which the malady has occurred should be well disinfected, 

 and, if possible, left unoccupied during the grazing season. The floor 

 particularly demands attention, as it is not at all improbable that the 

 infection is retained there ; if possible, the floor should be renewed. 

 Strong carbolic acid, or chloride of lime wash, must be freely employed, 

 and especially where the excreta from the sick animals have fallen. 

 Thorough disinfection of the building with sulphurous acid or chlorine 

 gas is advisable. 



With regard to curative measures, but little, unfortunately, can be 

 said. The history of the outbreak may suggest the nature of predisposing 

 causes, and furnish indications for their removal. 



With regard to medical treatment of the affected animals, this should 

 commence with a slight laxative — such as castor-oil — to be followed by 

 doses of opium and calomel or Dover's powder, if deemed desirable ; 

 but there have been so many drugs recommended, that it is difficult to 

 say, without actual experience of their use, which should be adopted. 

 Hertwig had a recipe which he averred was almost a specific ; it is as 

 follows : 



Pulv. rad. rhei - - - - 4-0 grammes. 

 ,, magnes. carb. - - - 1- ,, 



,, opii pulv. ... - 2- ,, 



This is to be given to the Foal or Calf in 100 to 120 grammes of 

 camomile tea, or in fifty grammes of whisky — the dose to be repeated in 

 tvv'elve hours if necessary. 



Salicylate of bismuth in two drachm doses for Foals and Calves, as 

 well as salicylate of iron, has been highly spoken of. 



A mode of treatment said to be very effective in Italy, is the follow- 

 ing : Salol, 2 drachms ; oxide of bismuth, 4 drachms ; carbonate of 

 lime, 1 oz. Mix and divide into six equal parts or doses, the first two 

 doses to be administered at an interval of two hours, and the other 

 four every four hours. Each dose is to be given in a glass of camomile 

 infusion, to which add, if the animal is very ill, half a glass of good 

 wine. A cure is almost always obtained in two or three days, and 

 there is no necessity to prolong the treatment after this. The remedy 

 has failed only in those cases where it has been applied too late. The 

 antiseptic washing of the Cow's udder is also recommended, and the 

 disinfection of the stables. During the treatment the Calf should not 

 be forced to take milk, but left to do as it likes. 



Tannic and salicylic acids, 2 drachms of each for a dose, given once 

 or twice a day in an infusion of camomile, to affected Calves, have also 

 been prescribed. Creolin in one gramme doses, dissolved in water, and 

 administered three times a day, has been favourably reported upon. 



Zundel speaks of enemeta of starch or dextrine, or water slightly 

 carbolised ; and he particularly recommends those composed of a 

 dilute solution of permanganate of potass (1 or 2 to 100). Franck 

 suggests the employment of tepid enemas of the neutral salicylate 

 of soda (about ten grammes per diem), in doses of one or two 

 grammes. 



If the animal can take food it should be given in small quantities, 

 and each meal of milk is to be diluted with about one-fourth of lime- 

 water, to prevent the formation of curd in the stomach. In more 



