INSTRUCTION OF HOUNDS. 87 



their names, to the huntsman and to the whip- 

 per-in. They are walked out often among 

 sheep, hares, and deer ; it uses them to a rate. 

 Sometimes he turns down a cat before them, 

 which they hunt up to and kill ; and, when the 

 time of hunting approaches, he turns out bad- 

 gers or young foxes, taking out some of the 

 steadiest of his old hounds to lead them on : 

 this teaches them to hunt. He draws small 

 covers and furze-brakes with them, to use them 

 to a halloo, and to teach them obedience. If 

 they find improper game, and hunt it, they are 

 stopped and brought back ; and as long as they 

 will stop at a rate, they are not chastised. Obe- 

 dience is all that is required of them, till they 

 have been sufficiently taught the game they are 

 to hunt. An obstinate deviation from it after- 

 wards is never pardoned. It is an observation 

 of the marchese Beccaria, that " La certezza di 

 un castigo, benche moderato fara sempre una 

 maggiore impressione, che non il timore di un 

 altro piu terribile, unito colla speranza, della' 

 impunita." 



nothing will make them so handy. Let him get off his 

 horse frequently, and encourage them to come to him : no- 

 thing will familiarize them so much : too great restraint 

 will oftentimes incline hounds to be riotous. 



