ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY 



1535, and in July the bishop reported the values as they had been discovered 

 to exist. The results of the inquiry are recorded in the Valor Ecclesiasticus. 

 Whilst all this was in operation Tunstall and the other bishops were forced 

 to follow up their previous submissions by expressly renouncing the pope, 

 and by sending round letters to their clergy to the same effect. 811 The bishop 

 also preached in various parts of his diocese on the same question. It bears 

 testimony to the great personal influence of Tunstall that it should be told 

 Cromwell at the beginning of 1536: ' He has preached the royal supremacy so 

 that no part of the realm is in better order than his diocese,' "* though on 

 the other hand Campeggio in June still hoped that Tunstall would be the 

 means of effecting reconciliation with Rome. A letter of Tunstall to Lord 

 Lumley makes it probable that in the bishopric, as in other places, the justices 

 of the peace were set to watch the clergy and report any disaffection towards 

 the constitutional changes in progress.* 80 Almost coincidently with the careful 

 system of inquisition and espionage set on foot in 1535, the visitation of the 

 monasteries began in the autumn. The first trace of the visitors is in 

 February, 1536, when report was made of irregularities in the bishop's 

 household, and in June a list of the smaller houses was drawn up. Alarmed 

 by what was evidently in contemplation, and anxious to preserve some of the 

 dependent houses, the prior in a letter still preserved tried to bribe the all- 

 powerful Cromwell. 281 Rumours of abolished privileges, and amongst these 

 the curtailment of sanctuary rights, caused some commotion, and prompted 

 Sir Francis Bigod, a north country magnate, to intercede with Cromwell. 888 

 The summer and autumn were a time of seething, which was intensified by 

 the issue of the Ten Articles, quickly supplemented by the Injunctions, which 

 alike ran counter to many cherished practices. Further south than the 

 bishopric popular resentment burst out into open conflagration in Lincolnshire 

 and Yorkshire. Howdenshire was afterwards remembered as one of the first 

 places to take part in this Pilgrimage of Grace. 888 Under Darcy the rebels 

 rushed through the Palatinate to Newcastle, and the whole country-side was 

 soon ablaze. Promises of pardon on submission amused the rebels, and a 

 conference at York ended abruptly. Social chaos brooded over the Pala- 

 tinate. 88 * At last Norfolk, who was commissioned to tread out the rebellion, 

 turned north, and men understood that the day of reckoning was near. The 

 demonstration began to evaporate. Lancaster Herald, passing through the 

 district to proclaim the king's pardon upon submission, found the people 

 everywhere penitent, 886 though in Durham itself he had an ugly brush with 

 the populace. 88 ' For indeed the submissiveness of the people was fictitious, 

 and every man of position knew that it was feigned. 887 The truth of this was 

 soon evident in the renewal of the agitation. Tunstall, identified perhaps 

 with the king's policy, had to flee from Auckland at midnight, and betook 

 himself to Norham Castle, whence he wrote to urge Norfolk not to delay. 

 In March, Norfolk at Carlisle proclaimed his intention of dealing with the 

 bishopric. He intended to execute some score or more of the rebels in order 

 to strike terror into the hearts of the others. The trials began, despite a 



" Dixon, Hiit. Ch. of Engl. \, 254. '" L. and P. Hen. rill, x, 182. 



m Ibid. 1077. "' See Gasquet, Hen. Vlll and the Engl. Monasteries i, 416. 

 " L. and P. Hen. fill, xi, 503. " Ibid, xii (2), 536. 



"' Ibid, xii (l), 568 ; xiii (l). 1313. m Ibid, xi, 1371. 



w Ibid, xii (i), 101. *" Ibid. 148, 416. 



