ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY 



had eat and drank all in their march into Yorkshire, the country people durst not come to 

 market, which made that city in a sad condition for want of food. Most of the church- 

 men having removed all that they had considerable, left their houses with some trash open, 

 which their servants and neighbours spoiled. 



Durham became a military dep6t for the year that the Scottish army 

 remained in the northern counties. The references to the misery of the 

 occupation, and of the longer period that followed three years later, are 

 numerous in documents of the time. As for the church the time of reprisal 

 had come."* Cosin was attacked by the Long Parliament, and Smart was 

 restored. A petition from the parishioners of Muggleswick about this time 

 mentions the flight of the incumbent.* 00 The Arminian prebendaries who 

 held various livings had disappeared. No doubt they were joined by others 

 of like views who feared the Scots. Those clergymen who remained at 

 their posts were probably called on to support soldiers billeted upon them. 401 

 Everywhere property was insecure and poverty intense. 40 * At last the 

 departure of the Scots in August, 1641, was hailed with relief, but the 

 church soon felt the severity of the Long Parliament. Means were at 

 once devised to protestantize the whole country, and early in 1642 the 

 Protestation was very generally signed in every ward of the Palatinate. 

 There is no evidence of resistance to the ' Shibboleth to discover a true 

 Israelite,' which men everywhere found it politic to accept. 40 * 



Before the actual outbreak of the Civil War in 1642, the bishopric had 

 very generally become strongly Royalist 404 owing to the universal disgust at 

 the late Scottish exaction, so that recruiting went on apace during the 

 summer, the old recusant families even supplying officers for the king's troops. 401 

 Another flight began 408 whilst these forces were massing for the protection or 

 Newcastle, but there was at present only one skirmish between the troops of 

 Newcastle and those of Hotham at Piercebridge. 407 The real danger came 

 with the beginning of 1644, when it seemed as if the bishopric would be 

 crushed between the Scots coming south and Fairfax operating in Yorkshire. 408 

 A second Scottish invasion followed, avoiding the city of Newcastle and 

 crossing the Tyne at and near Bywell. 40 * Leven, their commander, seized 

 Sunderland and other places, and marched in force to Durham, which was 

 evacuated by the marquis of Newcastle, who fled on towards York, the Scots 

 following in pursuit. During this renewal of troubles the Covenant was 

 imposed upon the country, 410 and its taking can be traced in various places, 



" Ids. Journ. iv, 249, 256 ; cf. Hist. AfSS. Cm. Rep. iv, 63-66. 



400 Surtees, Hist. Dur. ii, 388. 



401 Instances Hist. MSS. Com. Rep. iv, 59 (Lilburne and Perrott). 



** ' Not a man in the bishopric dare call anything his own,' S.P. Dom. Chas. I, vol. 467, No. 12. The 

 dean and chapter lands were controlled by Leslie's Commissioners, as were also those of the bishop, but at 

 present there was no eviction of tenants; cf. Hutchinson, Hist. Dur. i, 621 ; S.P. Dom. Chas. I, vol. 467,. 

 No. 60. Rents from the prebendal and other estates went to maintenance of the army. 



*" Ordered 30 July, 1641, but returned in February or March of 1642. For a summary of the Durham 

 returns see those of Lords 1 AfSS. (Hist. MSS. Com. Rep. v), 125. 



** 'The people of this country,' says a dispatch to Denbigh, 4 Feb. 1644, 'are unwilling to give intelli- 

 gence or supplies, and all either of their own accord or by force are in array, so great power hath the 

 cathedral here.' Hist. MSS. Com. Rep. iv, 264. At Whorhon the parish register shows that the beacons 

 were lighted to warn against the Scots. 



" Portland MSS. (Hist. MSS. Com. Rep. jiii), App. i, 68. " Ibid. 75. 



*" Surtees, Hist. Dur. iv, 32. ** Gardiner, Hist. EngL i, 315. 



** Mr. Terry's excellent paper in Arch. Ael. x, 146, gives full details. Add to his authorities Hist. 

 MSS. Com. Rep. iv, 264, 269 ; viii, App. ii, 60 ; x, App. i, 53. 



410 For Easington cf. Arch. Ael. xrii, 300. 



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