POLITICAL HISTORY 



and for 300 marks purchased a truce." Meanwhile the bishop strengthened 

 the castle at Northallerton," and on the very day (13 July, 1174) that the 

 king of Scotland was captured at Alnwick, Hugh count of Bar landed at 

 Hartlepool with 40 knights and 500 Flemings for whom the bishop had sent. 

 On hearing of the Scottish king's fate the bishop promptly ordered the 

 Flemings to return to their country, and garrisoned the castle of Northallerton 

 with the knights, over whom he placed his nephew the count of Bar. 70 The 

 price Pudsey had to pay for his treachery seems small." 



Going to Nottingham, he met the king and surrendered the castles of 

 Durham, Norham, and Northallerton. With difficulty he obtained permis- 

 sion for the garrison of the last of these strongholds to return home." The 

 reasons for Pudsey's action in this matter arc difficult to ascertain. By his 

 means, it is true, the bishopric escaped the terrible ravages incidental to 

 Scottish warfare ; possibly he was influenced by his connexion with the 

 French court. 78 It was not till 1177 that he was able to purchase peace 

 from the king, and Durham and Norham Castles were not handed over 

 till later, whilst Northallerton was dismantled about this time. 7 * 



In 1 1 8 1 Pudsey was again in trouble for refusing to account to the 

 king for 300 marks received from Roger archbishop of York, who died in 

 this year. The king ordered Durham Castle to be seized, but Pudsey was 

 soon pardoned. 7 ' Meanwhile the Palatinate suffered from the bishop's 

 exactions to enable him to fulfil his vow to proceed to the Crusades, but 

 Richard's accession enabled Pudsey to divert the money thus obtained to 

 other uses. 



Present at the king's coronation, he purchased at the subsequent 7 * sale 

 of offices the earldoms of Northumberland and Sadberge. Up to this period 

 the episcopal territories did not comprise all the land between the rivers Tyne 

 and Tees. Along the bank of the latter river (except at Darlington and 

 Stockton) lay a band of territory which still formed part of Northumberland. 

 Originally part of the patrimony of St. Cuthbert, it appears to have been 

 transferred by Bishop Aldhun to the earl of Northumberland. 77 



The exact boundaries of the wapentake of Sadberge are uncertain, 78 but it 

 included the barony of Gainford, which with Barnard Castle as cafut baronae 

 brought the Balliols into direct contact with the bishop, and during the follow- 

 ing century the prestige of the latter was rather eclipsed by the powerful 

 holders of Barnard Castle. To the east, Sadberge included Hart, owned by the 

 Bruce family, whose interests, however, fortunately for the bishops of Durham, 



" Hoveden, Chron. (Rolls Ser.) f ii, 57. " Ibid. 



"Ibid, ii, 63. 



71 ' Henry doubtless saw that his own policy was to make it the bishop's interest to be faithful and 

 not to risk on the side of Scotland the substitution of a weaker even if more trustworthy champion.' Stubbs 

 in Hoveden, op. cit. iii, Pref. p. xxxvii. 



71 Hoveden, op. cit. (Rolls Ser.), ii, 64. n Diet. Nat. Biog. under Pudscy." 



" Geit. Hen. (Rolls Ser.), i, 160. 



'* Giraldus Camb. Oftra (Rolls Ser.), iv, 367. 



" Though the charter, Serif t. Trts (Surtees Soc.), App. No. xl, it dated 1 8 Dec. the month should be 

 Sept. See H. Hinde, Mitt. ofNorthumb. 230. 



77 Simeon, op. cit. i, 82. Raine, N. Durham, I, Purchase of Sadberge ; Authorities : Seriftorei Trei 

 (Surtees Soc.), 1 4 ; Chart. App. No. xl ; Reg. Kellato (Rolls Ser.), i, Pref. 68 ; ibid, iii, Pref. 8. The grant 

 of adberge is in the charter of Richard I stated to be in exchange for certain knights' fees in Lincolnshire, 

 whilst the confirmatory charter of 5 Aug. 1 190, Serif tores Tret No. i, mentions also a sum of 600 marks ; 

 but as to money payment see H. Hinde, Hilt. ofNorthumb. 230, 273. 



71 H. Hinde, Hut. ofNortAumb. 274; Surtees, Hilt. o/Dur. iv, 266. 



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