44 Effects of the Currents. 



with snow. Observe that Labrador is no fur^ 

 ther from the Equator than are those countries. 



8. The waters of the Gulf Stream moderate 

 the winters also of Norway and Iceland. 



9. You can readily see that a ship can sail from the 

 United States to Europe with the Gulf Stream in a 

 shorter time than it can from Europe to this country, 

 against the stream. 



10. The chief causes of these ocean currents are the 

 heat of the &un and the revolution of the earth on its 

 axis. The ^finds also have an effect on them. 



1 1. There are other currents in the ocean ; 

 one in the North Pacific is similar to the Gulf 

 Stream of the Atlantic. It carries warmth -and 

 fertility to the shores of California, Oregon, 

 and Washington Territory. 



12. Which are the coldest oceans? The Arctic and 

 Antarctic. 



What advantage is there in these movements of the 

 waters of the ocean ? They lessen the heat of the hottest 

 parts of the earth and the cold of the coldest parts. 



Of what benefit is the Gulf Stream to the countries of 

 Western Europe ? // tempers their winters, and its vapors 

 supply theif rains. 



How are its vapors conveyed to those countries ? By 

 the westerly winds. (See pages 16, 17, and 18.) 



What supplies the rains of California, Oregon, Washing- 

 ton Territory, and Alaska ? Vapors from the Pacific Ocean. 



Where do these warm streams come from ? From the 

 hottest or Equatorial parts of the earth's surface. 



Where do the cold streams come from ? From the coldest 

 or Polar Regions. 



