Turpentine Pitch Ivory. 119 



95. There is another tree which is valuable 

 for its sap, called turpentine. This is obtained 

 in a similar manner; when distilled (p. 113), it 

 yields rosin or resin and the oil or spirits of 

 turpentine, both of which are used in the man- 

 ufacture of varnish, and for other purposes. 

 What is the name of the tree, and where does 

 it grow ? The pine, which grows extensively 

 in the sandy soil of North Carolina and the 

 neighboring States. It grows also in other 

 parts of North America and in Europe. 



96. Some of these trees are cut down and 

 their roots and branches piled up, covered with 

 turf or earth, and set on fire, to make charcoal 

 and tar ; the latter is the sap, which runs into a 

 large iron vessel underneath the pile, and is 

 conducted by pipes into casks near by. This 

 constitutes an important occupation in North 

 Carolina, Canada, and Sweden. 



97. Pitch, which is very useful in ship-building, is made 

 from tar. 



98. What is ivory ? A hard, white sub- 

 stance which forms the tusks of the elephant. 

 There is a kind of tree growing along some of 

 the streams in the northern part of South 

 America which is called the vegetable-ivory 

 tree; its seeds or nuts contain a juice which 

 hardens into a substance resembling ivory. 



