to Table of Contents 



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Section VI. KNOWLEDGE AND CHARACTER-BUILDING 50 



1. Nature Study and Character-building 50 



2. Knowledge Gained in Nature Study 52 



Section VII. EXPRESSION AND GENERALIZATION 54 



1. Expression in Nature Study 54 



2. Oral Expression 57 



3. Generalization in Nature Study 58 



CHAPTER III 



GENERAL METHODS 



Section VIII. METHODS OF REASONING 66 



1. The Deductive Method 66- 



2. The Inductive Method 67 



3. The Inductive-Deductive Method 70 



Section IX. GENERAL METHODS OF TEACHING 72 



1 . The Discovery Method 72 



2. The Investigation Method 73 



3. The Thumb-and-rule Method 75 



4. The Text-book and Recitation Method 77 



5. The Laboratory Method 78 



6. The Socratic Method. . 80 



7. The Catechetical or Developmental Method 81 



8. The Lecture or Telling Method 82 



9. The Confirmation Method. 83 



Section X. SPECIAL METHOD OF TEACHING NATURL STUDY. . . 84 



Introduction 84 



1. The Object 85 



2. The Pupil 85 



3. The Method 86 



TENTATIVE GENERALIZATIONS AND GUIDING 

 PROPOSITIONS 



Section XI. GUIDE 93 



1. Step I-X 92 



2. Program for Step I. Seeing 93 



3. Program for Step II. Discussion 93 



4. Program for Step III. Comparing 93 



5. Program for Step IV. Field Lesson 94 



6. Program for Step V. Experimentation 94 



7. Program for Step VI. Recitation 94 



8. Program for Step VII. Supplementary Informa- 



tion 95 



9. Program for Step VIII. Representation 95 



10. Program for Step IX. Written Expression 95 



11. Program for Step X. Reading 95 



