TABLE OF CONTENTS 



PAGE 



PREFACE 5 



PART I 



FOUNDATIONS AND METHOD OF NATURE 

 STUDY 



CHAPTER I 



Section I. i . INTRODUCTION (historical) 19 



2. Meaning of the Back-to-Nature Movement 22 



3. Science and Culture 24 



Section II. STAGES IN HUMAN CULTURE 26 



a. Economic Stages 26 



1. The Hunting Stage 26 



2. The Fishing Stage 27 



3. The Pastoral Stage 27 



4. The Agricultural Stage 27 



5. The Industrial Stage 28 



b. Probable Causes of the Back-to-nature Movement in 



Education 29 



CHAPTER II 



Section III. GENERAL AIMS OF NATURE STUDY 33 



1. Ideals and Culture in Nature Study 35 



2. The Senses in Nature Study 37 



Section IV. TRAINING OF THE JUDGMENT AND IMAGINATION.. 40 



1. The Judgment in Nature Study 40 



2. The Imagination in Nature Study 42 



Section V. THE ESTHETIC AND ETHICAL FUNCTION OF NATURE 



STUDY 45 



1. The Beautiful in Nature Study 45 



2. The Ethical Function of Nature Study 48 



9 



