General Methods 103 



1. PREPARATION: (a) Fix in the mind the cardinal 

 points around which all other facts cluster; (6) ex- 

 amine pupiPs notes, noting excellences and defects. 



2. TIME: One period. (See Primary Method, 

 Part I, Chapter IV, Section XII.) 



3. METHOD: (a) Catechetical; (b) developmental. 

 (7) See Part I, Chapter II, Section IX. 



4. AIM: (a) To test knowledge and skill; (b) to 

 promote generalization; (c) awaken interest; (d) call 

 attention to new facts and their relationship; (e) cor- 

 rect errors of all kinds; (/) show the larger bearings 

 of the subject. 



5. POINT: (a) Everything is related to all other 

 things; (b) adaptations to work, and to other things 

 exist which have a natural explanation. (See Part II, 

 Chapter II.) 



6. PRESENTATION: (a) Call for statement of facts; 



(b) when a word is needed supply it; (c) begin with a 

 central fact and call for statements of other facts 

 related to it; (d) criticise the pupiPs results as shown 

 by his written notes. (See Chapter IV, Section XIII.) 



7. PREPARATION FOR NEXT STEP: (a) Refer pupils 

 in higher grades to scientific literature, on some phase 

 of the subject; (b) refer pupils in lower grades to 

 nature poetry, and stories about the subject studied; 



(c) teach older pupils how to use the dictionary. 



8. NOTE. For one period it is best to take some 

 phase, as morphology, then in the next period, physi- 

 ology, and in the next ecology, etc. 



PROGRAM FOR STEP VII (Supplementary Information). 



Motto: "The main difficulty in the way of the ap- 

 plication of the science of teaching is the ignorance on 

 the part of teachers, of the subjects they pretend to 

 teach." Parker. 



