General Methods 105 



now and then when the interest flags will restore at- 

 tention. (See Chapter IV, Section XIII.) 



7. PREPARATION FOR NEXT STEP: (a) Refer pupils 

 to library sources of information, pointing out pas- 

 sages of special importance and interest; (b) point 

 out any literary selections that may be of interest in 

 the light of what has been found out. 



8. NOTE. (a) In the lower grades the teacher may 

 read simple^ interesting selections to the class, and have 

 them reproduce in writing the substance of the selection. 

 This will add needed variety to the exercise. 



(b) It may often be desirable to give library references 

 earlier in the work, as at the close of Step II. 



PROGRAM FOR STEP VIII (Representation). 



Motto: "Now there is nothing in the understanding 

 which was not before in the sense. And, therefore, to 

 exercise the senses well about the right perceiving the 

 difference of things will be to lay the grounds for all 

 wisdom and all wise discourse and all discreet actions 

 in one's course of life." Comenius. 



color or shade 



i 



{I. CO 

 2.. foi 

 3. siz 



i. As a whole \ 2.. form or outline 



. size (proportion) 



1 . color or shade 



, 2. form or outline 

 .2. As parts -j 3. size (proportion) 



4. structure 



5. appendages 



1. PREPARATION: (a) Supply fresh material; (b) 

 provide paper and pencil or water colors, etc. 



2. TIME: One to two periods. 



3. METHOD: Drawing. (See Chapter IV, Sec- 

 tion XIII.) 



4. AIMS: (a) To cultivate accurate observation; 

 (6) to train the eye and the hand; (c) to represent what 

 cannot otherwise be well expressed; (d) to cultivate the 



