CHAPTER V 



Examples of Pupils' Work in 

 Nature Study 



XIV. The Apple-tree. By J. S. M. 



(Guiding Outline. Supplied by the teacher.) 



1. Introduction: (a) distribution; (b) economic uses; 

 (c) uses of the plant. 



2. Roots: (a) uses; (b) kinds; (c) effects of moisture. 



3. Stem: (a) form; (b) size; (c) kind; (d) composition; 

 (e) grafting; (/) pruning; (g) function; (h) struggle for 

 existence among branches. 



4. Leaves: (a) arrangement; (b) color; (c) form; (d) 

 margin; (e) venation. 



5. Flower: (a) arrangement; (b) numerical plan; (c) 

 form; (d) adnation; (e) position; (/) use. 



6. Fruit: (a) kind; (b) appearance; (c) relation to 

 flower. 



7. Relation to environment: (a) effects of neglect; (b) re- 

 lation to soil; (c) relation to air; (d) relation to light. 



8. Relation to animals. 



9. Relation to other plants. 



10. Poetry. 



i. Apple-trees are found nearly everywhere in the tem- 

 perate zones. They grow also as far north as the Arctic 

 circle and as far south as Northern Africa. Their chief 

 economic use is as a food, the fruit being juicy and delicious 

 to the palate. They are also used for medicinal purposes. 

 The primary use of the fruit, however, is not for man's 

 benefit, but for the distribution of the seeds, which are the 



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