Examples of Pupils' Work 



plant's final product, and the variety of which determine 

 the kind of tree to be developed. 



2. The roots of the apple-tree are arboreous, spreading 

 over the surface or growing down deep, according to its 

 environment. They are perennial, and, like all such roots, 

 serve to absorb and store up moisture and food from the 

 earth. 



3. The stem is upright, ranging from three and a half 

 to four or five feet in length. It is stout and woody, having 

 all the parts found in exogenous plants, namely, pith, 

 medullary sheath, wood, bast fibers, green bark or cam- 

 bium, and outside bark or epidermis. 



Section of Wood. 



It is in the cambium or green-bark layer that growth 

 takes place. Grafters have made use of this by uniting 

 the cambium layer of one tree with a branch of some other 

 tree. There are numerous ways of grafting, but the suc- 

 cess of any depends upon the union of the cambium layers. 

 By means of this process a frail but excellent variety of 

 fruit may be made to grow strong and hardy. The apple- 

 tree is delinquescent and its shape is determined by the 

 branching. Naturally, it is inclined to branch out from 

 the center, but cultivation has increased this inclination, 



