ELECTRIC CANDLES. 229 



Chdtelet and the Hippodrome; at the workshops of Messrs. 

 Crespin and Marteau, of Messrs. Veyher and Richemond, of 

 Messrs. Corpet and Bourdin; in the Passage Vivienne; at the 

 mansion of the Queen of Spain, and of M. Menier ; at the 

 Continental Hotel, the Figaro Hotel, the Brasserie Moderne; 

 Christophe's show-room; Lemaire, the optician's shop; at 

 the Giffard balloon, &c; besides the other places which 

 have been previously mentioned. 



In the provinces this system of lighting is used in 26 esta- 

 blishments of various kinds, and abroad it is used in scores of 

 cities, such as London, Madrid, Lisbon, Birmingham, Stock- 

 holm, Copenhagen, Amsterdam, Ghent, Seraing, Blanken- 

 berghe, La Croyere, Zurich, Geneva, Berlin, Neugersdorff, 

 Koenigsberg, Frankfort, Duren, Munich, Chemnitz, Lemberg, 

 Breslau, Brieg, Eberfeld, Vienna, Briinn, St. Petersburg, Monte- 

 Carlo, Milan, Rome, Naples, St. Louis (Missouri), San Fran- 

 cisco, Mazatalan, Teheran, Rio de Janeiro. 



According to a statement just published by the Jabloch- 

 koff Company, the cost of their system of apparatus amounts 

 to 9,004 francs for 16 candles, 5,562 francs for 8 candles, 

 4,666 francs for 6 candles, and 3,852 francs for 4 candles. 



Other Systems of Electric Candles. In order to 

 avoid the loss of heat caused by the fusion of the insulator, 

 which soir.e think prejudicial for the light, several inven- 

 tors among the rest, Rapieff, Siemens, De Meritens, Solig- 

 niac, Jamin, Thurston, Wilde, &c. have devised electric 

 candles in which the insulating substance is replaced by an 

 air space. In Wilde's recently-patented system, which is 

 represented in Fig. 66, the two carbons are fixed side by 

 side vertically in metallic holders, but one of them is slightly 

 inclined towards the other, and its holder turns on a fixed 

 support, and is provided laterally with a piece of iron, which 

 forms the armature of an electric magnet. The antagonistic 

 spring of this armature is so regulated that the electro-mag- 

 netic action shall preponderate only when the carbons touch 



