HISTORY AND PROGRESS. 27 



the other hand, whichever direction is followed in withdraw- 

 ing the magnet, the deflection is constant, but contrary to 

 that due to its entrance." 



34. In 1833 Schilling's proposition of the manner of 

 giving signals with a single needle was carried out in a 

 more complete form by the Go'ttingen physicists, Gauss and 

 Weber. Their telegraph consisted of a single magnetic 

 needle surrounded by a multiplier of wire, the needle being 

 moved, however, by magneto-electricity instead of galvanism. 

 This was the first employment of Faraday's discovery in the 

 service of Telegraphy. 



We read, in relation to this telegraph, in a report of the 

 magnetic observations of these physicists,* the following : 



" There is, in connection with these arrangements, a great, 

 and until now, in its way, novel project, for which we are 

 indebted to Professor Weber. This gentleman erected, 

 during the past year, a double- wire line over the houses of 

 the town (Gottingen), from the Physical Cabinet to the 

 Observatory, and lately a continuation from the latter build- 

 ing to the Magnetic Observatory. Thus an immense galvanic 

 chain (line) is formed, in which the galvanic current, the 

 two multipliers at the ends being included, has to travel a 

 distance of wire of nearly 9,000 (Prussian) feet. The line 

 wire is mostly of copper, of that known in commerce as 

 ' No. 3,' of which one metre weighs eight grammes. The wire 

 of the multipliers in the magnetic observatory are of copper, 

 'No. 14,' silvered, and of which one gramme measures 

 2-6 metres. This arrangement promises to offer opportunities 

 for a number of interesting experiments. We regard, not 

 without admiration, how a single pair of plates, brought 

 into contact at the further end, instantaneously communicates 

 a movement to the magnet-bar, which is deflected, at once, 

 for over a thousand divisions of the scale." 



And further on, in the same report : 



" The ease and certainty with which the manipulator has 



the direction of the current, and therefore the movement 



of the magnetic needle, in his command, by means of the 



communicator, had, a year ago, suggested experiments of 



* Pogg. Ann., 32, p. 568 ; and " Dingler's Journal," 55, p. 394. 



