SCIENCE AND PRACTICE. 343 



core was covered with hemp, and protected by twelve thick 



iron wires (Fig. 157). The deep-sea cable, over two thousand 



miles long, was manufactured in five months 



half by Messrs. Newall, of Gateshead, and the 



other half by Messrs. Glass, Elliott, and Co., of 



Greenwich. On the 5th August, 1858, the cable 



was successfully submerged, and congratulatory Fig. 156. 



messages exchanged between the two countries. It was 



faulty when laid, and broke down 



entirely in three weeks after its 



submersion. 



This experiment was a very 

 costly one, but served to enlighten 

 the electricians and caution the 

 manufacturers. 



68. The next cable of magni- 

 tude was that manufactured for 

 the Red Sea and Indian Telegraph 

 Company. The core was manu- Fig. 157. 



factured by the Gutta-percha Company, and the sheathing 

 done by Messrs. Newall, The core consisted of a strand of 

 seven copper wires, weighing 180 pounds per 

 nautical mile, covered with two coatings of gutta- 

 percha, alternated with two coatings of compound, 

 weighing 212 pounds per knot. The core was served 

 with hemp saturated in tar. For the deep-sea g * 158 * 

 portion the rope was protected with eighteen (No. 16) iron 

 wires (Fig. 158) ; the shore end with nine 

 iron wires of a larger gauge, as in Fig. 159. 

 The first portion of this cable Suez to 

 Aden was laid in three sections. The first 

 between Suez and Cassire, 255 knots; the 

 second between Cassire and Suakin, 474 

 knots ; and the third between Suakin and 

 Aden, a distance of 629 knots. The second portion of the 

 cable Aden to Kurrachee was divided also into three 

 sections, of which the first, that from Aden to Hallain, 

 was 718 knots ; the second, from Hallain to Muscat, 486 



