202 



GENERAL BOTANY 



history of certain species of grapes recounted by Professor 

 Bailey in his " Evolution of our Native Fruits." 



The Concord was a chance seedling in a Massachusetts garden, 

 and it is supposed to have sprung from the wild fox grape of the 



neighborhood. 



The Clinton came up 

 where a handful of 

 grape seeds was sown 

 at Hamilton College, 

 Clinton, New York ; 

 and the old vine, now 

 nearly seventy-five 

 years old, is still grow- 

 ing on College Hill. 



The Norton's Vir- 

 ginia was found wild 

 in 1835 near Rich- 

 mond, Virginia. 



The best Ameri- 

 can gooseberries, the 

 Hough ton and the 

 Downing, are sup- 

 posed, like the Con- 

 cord and Clinton 

 grapes, to have origi- 

 nated from chance 

 FIG. 111. Seedlings of (E. lamarckiana and three -,-,. . , ,, 



of its mutants, showing constant differences in m S> . 



rosettes and leaf characters Swedish experiment 



Upper row, typical lamarckiana ; second row from top, station, located at 



(E. gigas; third row, (E. rubrinervis : bottom row, (E. QUralof <s-f}rlcm Y\O\\T 



lata. Photograph furnished by Dr. George H. Shull ^ ValOt ' ^ W6( ^ new 



kinds of grains, for- 

 age crops, and vegetables have been discovered in the field 

 and garden which are believed to have arisen by mutation, 

 and similar discoveries have been made in different experiment- 

 stations in this country. Many plant breeders and botanists 

 believe, therefore, that the origin of new forms of plants by 

 mutations, or sudden variations, is a widespread phenomenon 



