364 



GENERAL BOTANY 



the funiculus throughout its entire length. The ridgelike junc- 

 tion of the ovule and the funiculus is called the raphe. 



Fruits are usually formed as a result of fertilization, and 

 consist of the ripened ovary or of the ovary and the receptacle, 



.\ Follicle .^ 

 (one carpel) 

 Capsule 



(three carpels) 



Silique Capsule 



(two carpels) (four carpels) 



Legume 

 larpel (one carpel) 



Achenes Single achene 



(buttercup) 



Samara, or 

 key fruit 

 (elm) 



Samara, or key 

 fruit (maple) 



Berry 



(Smilacina) Aggregate 

 (mulberry) 



Pome (apple) 



Drupe, or 

 stone fruit 

 (peach) 



FIG. 221. Different kinds of fruits 



Upper row, dry dehiscent fruits ; middle row, dry indehiscent fruits ; lower row, 



fleshy fruits 



as in the pome, drupe, and aggregate fruits (Fig. 221). They 

 are variously classified on the basis of their form and structure. 

 In the following classification the terms dry and fleshy indicate 

 whether the ovary (or the ovary and receptacle combined) 



