ON THE TEETH OF MAMMALIA. 



117 



canine, 



in contact with the upper 

 human skull the lower canine 



118 



though still anterior to it. In the 

 passes within, but is still anterior to 

 the upper canine ; but there 

 is no space for its reception, 

 a character in which Man 

 stands alone. In the Simiae 

 the space is very marked. By 

 this rule, then, the canines of 

 the lower jaw, where their 

 form is that either of the in- 

 cisors or false molars, and 

 otherwise not distinguishable 

 from them, may be determined. 

 In many orders, as the Roden- 

 tia and Pachydermata, the 

 Camels, Llamas, Musk Deer, 



and Muntjacs excepted, there are no canines. In the Camels and Llamas 

 there are canines in both jaws ; in the Musk Deer and Muntjacs only in the 

 119 upper, and these are very long and sharp, as ex- 



hibited in the annexed figure of the upper jaw of 

 the Musk Deer. The Camels, Llamas, and 

 Musk Deer, it is curious to observe, have no 

 antlers ; and the antlers of the Muntjacs, ele- 

 vated on a long osseous peduncle, are of very 

 inconsiderable size. Rudimentary canines, 

 however, exist in many of the males of the Deer 

 tribe. With the exception of the Sloths, there 

 are no canines in the Edentata. It is in the 

 Carnivora that the canines assume their normal 

 development ; and the term canine, ordinarily 

 applied to them, indicates them to be especially developed in the Dog. 

 They are, when normal, longer than the other teeth, conical, acute, and 

 strong, often compressed, and with a cutting edge behind : their number 

 never exceeds one on each side in each jaw. In many animals they 

 are hugely developed into tusks, as in the Boar, the Phacochcerus, and 

 the Morse. In the two former animals, and their allies, those of the upper 

 jaw curve upward out of the mouth, and those of the lower emerge with 

 a similar curve, and are in contact with the anterior face of the upper 

 canines. In the Morse (fig. 120) they exist only in the upper jaw ; im- 

 bedded in enormous projecting alveoli, they sweep down, slightly 

 incurved, forming large, sharp tusks, or weapons of defence, perfectly 

 exposed (the lower jaw fitting in between them), and of twelve, or 

 eighteen inches, in length. In the Hippopotamus (fig. 113), the canines 



Canines of Musk Deer. 



