ON THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS, AND THEIR APPENDAGES. 135 



Cuvier's fourth being, in his opinion, only the commencement of the 

 duodenum, greatly dilated, as in birds. The first stomach, into which 

 the oesophagus enters, is more or less rounded, very muscular, and lined 

 with a horny tissue, or epithelium (a continuation of the epithelium of the 

 oesophagus), and deeply furrowed. The thickness and hardness of this 

 membrane is greatly augmented toward the entrance of the first com- 

 partment into the second ; at which part the tunic presents elevations of a 

 tooth-like figure. The second compartment is narrower than the first, 

 and its lining membrane is much thicker : it is, moreover, deeply plicated, 

 longitudinally, as well as transversely, at its upper part, where its thick- 

 ness is decreased, and the epithelium abruptly interrupted. 



The third cavity is narrower and much more elongated than the pre- 

 ceding, and rather resembles a portion of intestine than of the stomach : 

 it is lined by a smooth, moist, flexible membrane, and is destitute of 

 epithelium : the pyloric orifice is very narrow.* Cuvier observes, that 

 " the first stomach of the ordinary Cetacea appears to have been 

 modified, like their skin, by the aquatic habitat of these animals : it 

 takes the place of organs of mastication. The second, more glandular, 

 supplies, "by its abundant juices, the want of salivary glands ; the 

 others answer tolerably well to the manyplus and rud of ruminants." 



Among the Pachydermata several are 

 remarkable for the complex character 

 of the stomach. In the Peccary two 

 pouches are added, to enlarge, as it 

 were, the cardiac portion : in the 

 Duyong the stomach is not only di- 

 vided, but has pouches superadded, as 

 well as a cardiac gland. The stomach 

 of the Kangaroo, one of the Marsu- 

 pialia, is curiously sacculated ; as it is 

 also in the Sloths. In the Ant-eaters, 

 Pangolins, Armadilloes, and Manis, it 

 is of a more or less globular figure, the 

 oesophagus and pylorus approaching 

 each other: the pylorus is of a conical 



Stomach of nine-banded Armadillo. -a,o, the car- figure, and VCry ITiUSCUJar, with a 



diac portion ; 6, the pyloric portion ; c, the radiation /./ 



of tendinous fibres, spreading from the pyloric por- *ber OI radiating IlbrCS Ott its 



tion; d, the oesophagus ; e, the pylorus. c c , , 



surface, 01 a glossy lustre, passing up, 



like a band, from it to the cardiac portion, which, in the stomach of 

 the Dasypus Peba, is slightly contracted in the centre, and exhibits a 

 tendency to the pouched, or sacculated condition, without, however, 

 really assuming it. The above sketch (fig. 134) represents the sto- 

 mach of the nine-banded Armadillo (Dasypus Peba). 



* See MeckePs Anat. Comp. 



