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INTRODUCTION. 



GenUS BOS. The natural types. 



I. Bos Scoticus. Fierce, untameable. Ferae, Raptores. 



II. Taurus. Pre-eminently typical. Primates, Insessores. 



III. Dermaceros. Appendages on the head greatly developed. Ungulata, Rasores. 



IV. Pusio. Stature remarkably small. Glires, Grallatores, 

 V. Thersites. Fore part of the shoulders elevated. Cetacea, Natatores. 



" Without attempting to verify the trinary arrangement of the domesti- 

 cated races (of the Dog), it will be readily perceived, that modifications 

 of all the primary types of Nature are to be found among them. The long 

 snout, which characterizes all the gliriform and grallatorial types, is seen 

 in the Greyhound ; the Water Dogs remind us of the natatorial structure ; 

 the thick tails of the Spaniels, and the large size of the Newfoundland Dogs, 

 exhibit the rasorial type ; while the others either arrange themselves under 

 a ferocious or a highly intelligent group." 



The following is the symbolical parallelism of two families Mustelidae 

 and Felidse : 



Mustelidas. Felidaj. 



I. Typical. Mustela. Felis. Typical. 



II. Sub-typical. Viverra. Hyaena. Sub-typical. 



f Ryzaena. Canis. Rasorial, or Ungulated. 



III. Aberrant. "\ Nasua. ? Grallatorial, or Gliriform. 



^Ursus. Thylacinus. Aquatic, or Natatorial. 



In this attempt to exhibit a short sketch of the views of Mr. Swainson, 

 the author has preferred using the words of that naturalist, and the exem- 

 plifications he has himself given of the theory in question, to trusting to 

 his own expressions, lest a false notion should be conveyed of the princi- 

 ples involved. To those who wish to pursue this system, the volume of 

 the Fauna Boreali-Americana, devoted to birds, and the History and 

 Classification of Quadrupeds, are recommended. 



In 1838, appeared a Catalogue of the Mammalia preserved in the 

 Museum of the Zoological Society, London, by the author's friend, Mr. 

 Waterhouse (the present curator of that museum), embodying an arrange- 

 ment of the Mammalia, modified upon that of Cuvier, and, in many 

 important points, happily framed according to the indications of Nature. 

 Naturalists expect too much, if, in a simple collocation of the orders, they 

 look for a display of the multiform affinities and analogies, by which the 

 forms of one order are related to those of another : nor will any series of 

 orders run smoothly, link succeeding link ; for not only do breaks occur 

 in the chain, but it often happens that forms belonging to a lower type of 

 structure, rise in organization, if we may so express ourselves, to a mark 

 above that of the lower forms of a superior type ; and, indeed, in survey- 

 ing Nature, on an extensive scale, this is very evident. Look, for example, 

 at the organization of the Cuttlefish (the highest among the Mollusca), 

 and it will be found to rise above that of the lowest of the vertebrata, though 

 the structural type of the latter is far superior to that of the Mollusca ; 



