MONGOLE STOCK. 



269 



206 



Skull of Newr Zealander. 



In the skulls of the New Zealanders, preserved in the collection 



of the Royal College of Surgeons, 

 of one of which, the annexed 

 figure (206) is a representation, 

 the following particulars were ob- 

 served : They are heavy, and of 

 large size, compressed laterally, 

 with a tendency to a mesial eleva- 

 tion of the cranial arch, but far less 

 decidedly than in the Tasmanian or 

 Alfourou. The malar bones are 

 large ; the alveolar processes ob- 

 lique ; the nasal bones moderate, and 

 tolerably well elevated; the lower 

 jaw is broad and strong, its ascend- 

 ing branch is oblique, the angle somewhat rounded, and the base of 

 the ramus slightly arched (though less than in a skull of a Fejee Islander), 

 so that the chin, when the ramus rests on a plane, does not touch the 

 surface of it: the basilar process of the occipital bone is directed less 

 obliquely upward than in most European skulls, and, in this respect, 

 agrees with that of a native of the Fejee Isles. In all these New Zealand 

 skulls, the lateral compression of the frontal portion, the projection of 

 the parietal bones at their centre, and the ridge-like form (more or less 

 decided) of the mesial line of the cranial arch, the boldness of the external 

 orbitary angles, the amplitude of the cheek-bones, the obliquity of the 

 alveolar processes, and the arched form of the base of the ramus of the 

 lower jaw, are peculiar features. The posterior fall of the skull, sweeping 

 down obliquely from the vertex to the occiput, is also remarkable and 

 constant. 



The skull of a native of Tahiti, figured by Blumenbach in his Decades 

 (tab. xxv.), closely agrees with those of the natives of New Zealand. 



MONGOLE STOCK. 



MONGOLE BRANCH. From the Gulf of Kara, or the Karskoye Sea 

 (washing the eastern shores of Nova Zembla), the Uralian chain of moun- 

 tains runs southward to the Caspian, giving branches to the great Altaic 

 chain, which sweeps across the centre of Asia from Turkestan, bearing 

 northward to the Sea of Okhotsk. From the Altaic Mountains, in Tur- 

 kestan, runs a branch to Caubul, there to join the Himalaya range, which 

 passes through Caubul, Cashmere, and Nepal, and spreads over Thibet, send- 



