330 BIMANA. 



are of a yellowish white, like Mulattoes : sick persons become of a brownish 

 yellow colour : it is rare to find among them Albinos, or any that are 

 dark spotted : on the whole, their colour is darker in proportion as they 

 are stronger and more active. On the lower part of the body, and on the 

 legs and arms, the red-brown colour sometimes changes to a blacker shade ; 

 at the joints it is paler, or whitish. The Indian cannot blush ; and it is 

 only after long intercourse with them that a change of colour, expressive ot 

 the emotions of their mind, can be detected. Their skin is fine, soft, and 

 shining, and, when exposed to the sun, inclined to perspiration ; their long, 

 coarse, stiff, and glossy hair, hangs down in a thick and disorderly 

 manner ; the beard of the men is in general thin, but some have thick 

 beards ; the crown of the head and cheek-bones are broad, corresponding 

 with the breadth of the breast ; the forehead is low ; the temples project- 

 ing, narrow above, and falling very much back : the back part of the 

 head by no means hangs so low as in the Negro, whose skull is, indeed, 

 narrow, and much more oblong than that of the Indian : the countenance 

 is broad and angular, and projects much less than in the Negro, but more 

 than in the Calmuc or the European ; the ears are small and neatly 

 formed ; rather turned outward, and not pierced and disfigured by heavy 

 bodies ; the eye is small and dark brown, placed sideways, the inner 

 corner turned toward the nose ; the eyebrows thin, and very high in the 

 middle ; the nose is short, slightly depressed above, broad below, but not 

 so spread as in the Negro ; the nostrils are wide, standing very little out ; 

 the lips are by no means so thick and swollen as in the Negro ; the upper, 

 not the lower, projects a little, or both are alike ; the mouth is smaller 

 and more closed than in the Negro ; the teeth are white, the front teeth 

 very broad and even ; the eye-teeth (canines) projecting. In general, the 

 contour of the Indian is robust, broad, and short; whereas that of the Negro 

 is tall and slender : thus it approaches nearer to the form of the other 

 races, especially to that of the Chinese and Calmucs ; though the latter have 

 lighter complexions and better-formed features. Deformed persons, or 

 cripples, are rare among the Indians ; and it is believed, by some, that 

 such are put to death immediately after birth. For many interesting 

 details, Von Spix and Martius (Reisen durch Brazilien) may be con- 

 sulted with advantage. 



Don Antonio Ulloa, than whom few had greater opportunities of 

 observing the natives of South America in different districts,* describes 

 their characteristic features as consisting of a very small forehead, covered 



* Don A. Ulloa visited a great part of Peru and Chili, : the kingdom of New Grenada, and 

 several provinces bordering on the Mexican Gulf, while employed in the same service with the 

 French mathematicians, during the space of ten years. Afterward he had opportunities of ob- 

 serving the natives of North America, of whom he says, "If we have seen one American, we 

 may be said to have seen them all, their colour and make are so nearly the same." 



