334 BIMANA. 



Independently, however, of the existence of fossil reliquia of Man 

 at Guadaloupe, human bones, but scarcely to be termed fossilized, have 

 been found in other places. They not unfrequently occur in caverns, or 

 fissures of rocks, mixed with articles of human fabrication : they are 

 sometimes found in such places, buried in fine mud, beneath a layer of 

 stalagmite, and sometimes incrusted in the latter. In these caves and 

 fissures, where the wandering savages of a thinly-peopled country might 

 occasionally find refuge, or into which they might have been accidentally 

 precipitated, are found the remains of many extinct Mammalia ; viz., 

 of extinct species of Bears, of Hyaenas, Lions, or large feline animals ; 

 Deer, Elephants, Hippopotamuses, &c. ; as well as of animals now extant 

 Horses, Oxen, Sheep, Dogs, Wolves, and Foxes. Thus, in the cave 

 of Gaylenreuth, there occurred, according to Rosenmiiller, the bones of 

 Men, Horses, Oxen, Sheep, Deer, Roes, Mules, Badgers, Dogs, and 

 Foxes, besides the bones of Bears, Hyaenas, and Tigers ; but, from the 

 researches made by him, in the cave itself, and from the state of preserva- 

 tion, in which the bones of the former animals were found, it was evident 

 that they must have been deposited at periods much more recent than 

 those of the latter. In some of the grottoes of the cave of Klanstein, 

 M. Rosenmiiller found two human skeletons, superficially placed, and in- 

 crusted with stalactite, a proof of their modern deposition. In the cele- 

 brated cave of Kirkdale, in Yorkshire, in which bones of the Elephant, 

 Hippopotamus, Tiger, Hyaena, Wolf, &c., occurred in abundance, many of 

 them bearing the marks of the teeth of the animals that had gnawed them, 

 and intermixed with the excrements of the Hyaena, no human bones 

 have been discovered ; but, in the caves of Paveland, in the county of Gla- 

 morgan, at the entrance of the English Channel, the clergyman and surgeon 

 of the neighbouring village of Portinan, found the skeleton of a Woman, 

 together with bones of the Elephant, Rhinoceros, Horse, Bear, Hyaena, 

 Fox, Rat, and, also, of birds. Many of these bones, however, were modern ; 

 and the diggings, made at remote and unknown periods, had displaced the 

 ancient bones, and not only mixed them with the modern, but also with 

 shells of the present sea. (Vide Notes by Professor Jameson, in his transla- 

 tion of Cuvier's Theory of the Earth.) It is to be regretted that, upon the 

 discovery of caves containing bones, persons, anxious to examine them, yet 

 little aware of the importance of leaving them undisturbed in their re- 

 spective situations, for the investigation of the geologist, begin to dig, 

 and collect, mixing them together, so as to prevent the possibility of 

 ascertaining their respective order of deposition. In the celebrated cavern 

 of Adelsberg, in Carniola, the Chevalier de Lowengreif discovered, in 

 1816, a hole in one of its walls, at the height of fourteen fathoms : this 

 conducted him to a series of new caves, of vast extent, and of incom- 

 parable beauty, from the lustre and variety of their stalactites. A part 



