362 QUADRUMANA. 



'the shape of the teeth, except that the molars are bluntly tuberculate, 

 than in the condition of the lungs and liver; the position and appear- 

 ance of the intestinal canal ; the attachment of the vermiform appendix 

 to the caecum ; the structure of the stomach, which, however, is thicker 

 and narrower at the pylorus ; and in the disposition of the arteries arising 

 from the arch of the aorta. They differ, moreover, from the succeeding 

 groups, in a certain superiority of cerebral development, connected with 

 a grave demeanour, and a degree of intelligence, at one time, perhaps, 

 too highly estimated ; but, with every abatement, exalting them to the 

 head of the Simiadae. The most remarkable external characters in 

 which they agree, consist in the absence of a tail and of cheek-pouches, 

 arid in the extraordinary length of the anterior extremities, compared 

 with the posterior. Of the three genera in question, the Orangs (Pithe- 

 cus) and the Gibbons (Hylobates) approach, in some points, the closest 

 together, and more particularly in the presence of extensive laryngal 

 sacculi, in the extreme length of the anterior extremities, and in the 

 narrowness of the hands and feet ; but not in general anatomical struc- 

 ture, aspect, or clothing. A small, round head, a compressed face, 

 a narrow under-jaw, slender proportions, deep, woolly fur, and ischi- 

 atic callosities, distinguish the Gibbons both from the Orangs and 

 the more anthropoid Chimpanzee. On the other hand, the Chimpanzee 

 and Orang are less immediately related than Cuvier seems to have con- 

 sidered them. In most respects, the Chimpanzee approaches more nearly 

 to the human type of structure ; and particularly in the presence of a pen- 

 dulous uvula at the back of the palate, which is wanting in the Orang ; 

 and in the structure of the larynx, in which the laryngal sacs are not 

 developed, as in the Orang, but are produced into a cavity in the body 

 of the os hyoides, " presenting the first indication," as Mr. Owen has 

 observed (Zool. Proc. 1830, p, 5), "of the excavation which is carried 

 to so great an extent in the Monkeys of the genus Mycetes" (family, 

 Cebidac). Still, however, the Chimpanzee and the Orang are more 

 closely related to each other than the Gibbons are to the latter. They 

 are, moreover, the representatives of each other in their respective por- 

 tions of the globe ; the one tenanting the secluded depths of the forests 

 of Western Africa, the other the recesses of the still denser forests of 

 Borneo and Sumatra. 



The Chimpanzee and Orang are the largest of the Simiadae, and the most 

 powerful : but the Orang is more exclusively arboreal, and, therefore, not 

 so much at ease on the ground as the Chimpanzee, which is less decidedly 

 organized as a climber. With respect to the limbs of the Orang, the inferior 

 extremities are not only very short, but, also, bowed inward at the ankles ; 

 and the foot so articulated to the tibia as to allow of little more than 

 the outer edge being fairly applied to the ground ; and there is not only 



