388 QUADRUMANA. 



slight; MARGIN OF ORBITS prominent; FACIAL ANGLE 30; no CHEEK- 

 POUCHES ; LARYNGAL SAC extensive, double ; EARS small ; TAIL 

 wanting; no CALLOSITIES ; ARMS reaching to ankle-joint ; FEET long, 

 narrow ; THUMB not extending to the end of the metacarpal bone of 

 the adjoining toe, and often destitute of the ungueal phalanx ; CANINES 

 very large, their apices extending beyond the intervals of the 

 opposite teeth ; RIBS, twelve pairs ; BONES of STERNUM in a double 

 alternate row ; INTERMAXILLARY BONES anchylosed to the maxillaries 

 during the second, or permanent dentition ; LIG AMENTUM TERES of 

 hip-joint wanting. 

 COUNTRY. Borneo, Sumatra. 



THE ORANG-OUTAN, OR PONGO. 



PITHECUS SATYRUS. (Pithecus Satyrus, GEOFF. Ann. du Mus. xix. 1812.) 



Simla Satyrus . . . ,~ LINX.ZEUS. 1766, ei aliorum. 



Simla Agrlas SCHREBER, pi. 2. n. B. et n. c. 1775. 



Singe de Wurmb AUDEBERT, Singes et Makis, Fam. i. p. 18, fig. 2; et Tab. 



Anat. fig. 3, cran. 1797. 



Papio Wurmbii LATREILLE, Singes, i. p. 196. 



Pithecus Satyrus DESMAREST, Mamm. p. 50. 1820. 



Simia Wurmbii KHUL, Beitr. 21. 1820. 



Orang Pandak of the Malays of Sumatra, RAFFLES, Linn. Trans, xiii. 1822. 



Simia Satyrus FISCHER, Syn. Mamm. p. 9. 1829. 



Simia Abellii Idem, p. 10. 



Simia Wurmbii Idem, p. 32. 



Satyrus rufus LESSON, Species des Mamm. p. 40. 1840. 



SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. Head large ; body robust ; the hinder limbs very short ; the arms 

 of great length, reaching to the ankle ; the ears small ; the fur long, and somewhat 

 rigid ; abdomen thinly 'covered ; hairs of the fore-arms reversed ; chin bearded ; face 

 and forehead naked ; cheeks, in the adult male, with callous protuberances ; colour 

 varying from rufous to chestnut-black. 



LOCALITIES. Borneo, Sumatra. 



DESCRIPTION. No species of Simia has been, till lately, so little 

 understood as this ; nor is there any respecting which notions so erro- 

 neous have been entertained : and hence, previously to entering into 

 descriptive details, a few observations are imperatively necessary. So 

 different are the characters, dependant upon age, which the Orang assumes, 

 at various periods of its growth, and so much, in many respects, do the 

 males differ from the females, that the errors of naturalists, without oppor- 

 tunities of inspecting either a series of preserved specimens or of skulls, 

 or, indeed, other portions of the skeleton, may be well pardoned. It may 

 be observed, then, at the outset, that three animals are described ; 

 namely, the Simia Satyrus, of Linnaeus ; the Pongo Abellii, of Clark, or 

 Red Orang of Sumatra ; and the Pongo Wurmbii, Geoff., or Black 

 Orang of Borneo ; which appear, in reality, to be one species, of which 

 the Simia Satyrus, Linn., is the young. Leaving out of the question, for the 



