448 



QUADRUMANA. 



edge of those above being very acute. The molars are bluntly tuberculate, 

 instead of being crowned with sharp mammillary points, as in the Cerco- 



pitheci and the Macaci : at an early 

 age they begin to wear down, in con- 

 sequence of the subrotatory action 

 (partly a forward, and partly a lateral 

 movement) of the lower jaw, the 

 mode, apparently, in which the food 

 is triturated : in this condition, the 

 worn surface shews the enamel very 

 distinct and deeply indented ; or re- 

 entering, in folds, into their substance, 

 reminding one of the teeth of the rumi- 

 nant. The characters thus presented 

 simii of semnopithecus. by t ne molar teeth are in accordance 



with the sacculate structure of the stomach. This remarkable structure 

 was first properly described by M. Otto, in the Nova A eta Academic 

 Ccesarece, vol. xii. 1825; but had previously been noticed by Wurmb, 

 in an account of the anatomy of the Kahau, or Proboscis Monkey, 

 published in the Memoirs of the Society of Batavia, and quoted by 

 Audebert, in his Histoire des Singes. He, however, merely observes, 

 that " the stomach is extraordinarily large, and of an irregular form," 

 without entering into particulars. To M. Otto, therefore, belongs 

 the real merit of the discovery. The species, in which he detected 

 the structure in question, was the Semnopithecus leucoprymnus (re- 

 garded by him as a Cercopithecus) ; but its value, as a generic- 

 character, was not established until Professor Owen demonstrated its 

 existence in the S. Entellus, and the S. fascicularis, Raffl. (Proceed- 

 ings Zool. Soc. Lond. for 1833, p. 74)', and, also, 

 in the S. Maurus (Proceedings Zool. Soc. Lond. for 

 1834, p. 6); see, also, the Transact. Zool. Soc. 

 Lond. vol. i. p. 65, c. fig.) The same structure 

 obtains in the Douc, and in the S. cucullatus (see 

 Magazin de Zoologie, 1836), and in the Kahau, 

 S. Nasalis (see Proceedings Zool. Soc. Lond. for 

 1837, p. 70). 



The stomach of the Semnopitheci (see the an- 

 nexed figure, 278) consists of three divisions : first, 

 of a cardiac pouch, with smooth and simple parietes ; 

 Secon( ily 5 o f a middle portion, of considerable am- 

 plitude, and sacculated ; and, thirdly, of a narrow, elongated pyloric canal, 

 sacculated at its commencement, and for the greater part of its length, 

 but becoming of a simple structure toward its termination. It is in 



stomach of S 



