PRACTICAL ZOOLOGY 45 



the head, the beak, eyes, nostrils, and ears; compare 

 with the turtle. Examine the wings and legs, noting 

 the direction and movements of the various segments ; 

 the structure and movements of the parts of the foot ; the 

 position of the principal muscles, their uses. 



Open the body and study the digestive, circulatory, 

 respiratory, and reproductive systems (Figs. 248, 273); 

 the air spaces among the muscles ; the structure of the 

 heart and brain as compared with the vertebrates pre- 

 viously studied (Fig. 338); the microscopic appearance 

 of the blood corpuscles (Fig. 262). 



Prepare or purchase a skeleton and study the arrange- 

 ment of its various parts and the structure of the dif- 

 ferent bones, comparing with the fish, frog, and turtle 

 (Fig. 3i3> 



Study the structure of the egg (Fig. 358), and the 

 development of the young (a convenient and satisfac- 

 tory substitute is the hen's egg) (Figs. 365, 366). 



Draw attention to the economic value of the bird 

 studied. 



Mammal 



The cat or rabbit may be used. 



Laboratory Study. Study the motions of the animal as 

 it walks, runs, leaps, its position when at rest ; food and 

 mode of feeding ; respiratory movements ; motions of 

 head, legs, tail, ears, eyes ; mode of cleaning its fur ; 

 body temperature ; protective coloration. 



Structure. On a recently killed specimen note the 

 general shape of the body and direction of its axis; 

 the position and mode of attachment of the append- 

 ages ; the hairy covering, the groups of specialized 

 hairs in certain positions, the microscopic appearance 

 of hair.; the mobility of the skin ; its firmer attachment 

 in certain places, compare with the external covering of 

 fish, frog, turtle, and bird. Study the shape and structure 



