200 STRUCTURAL AND SYSTEMATIC ZOOLOGY 



shown by his world-wide distribution The animals near- 

 est him soon perish when removed from their native 

 places. 



Though man is excelled by some animals in the acute- 

 ness of some senses, there is no other animal in which 

 all the senses are capable of equal development. He 

 alone has the power of expressing his thoughts by 

 articulate speech, and the power of forming abstract 

 ideas. 



Man differs from the apes in the absolute size of the 

 brain, and in the greater complexity and less symmet- 

 rical disposition of its convolutions. The cerebrum is 

 larger in proportion to the cerebellum (being as 8|- to i), 

 and the former not only covers the latter, but projects 

 beyond it. The brain of the gorilla scarcely amounts 

 to one third in volume or one half in weight of that of 

 man. Yet, so far as cerebral structure goes, man differs 

 less from the apes than they do from the monkeys and 

 lemurs. 



The view held by evolutionists that man and the man- 

 like apes are descendants of a common ancestor is based 

 upon arguments drawn from structural and physiologi- 

 cal features. In his anatomy man resembles apes more 

 closely than any other group of animals. He differs 

 from them mainly in having a much larger brain. In 

 his skeletal, muscular, nervous, and other systems he 

 possesses about seventy-five vestigial structures, i.e., 

 anatomical parts which are more perfectly developed 

 and more useful in apes and lower animals. Physiologi- 

 cally, man resembles the apes in having a similar bodily 

 life, in performing many actions in the same manner, 

 in being subject to the same diseases, in making 

 similar gestures, facial expressions, etc. The great 

 gulf between man and the brute is not physical, but 

 psychical, 61 



