284 



COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY 



after one or two slight curves, bends up, and opens into 

 the " funnel " near the mouth. 



Fishes have a simple, short, and wide alimentary 

 canal. The stomach is separated from the intestine by 

 a narrow " pyloric " orifice, or valve, but is not so clearly 

 distinguished from the gullet, so that regurgitation is 



easy. 96 Indeed, it is common 

 for fishes, to disgorge the in- 

 digestible parts of their food, 

 and some, as the carp, send 

 the food back to the pharynx 

 to be masticated. The stom- 

 ach is usually bent, like a 

 siphon ; but the intestine is 

 nearly straight, and without 

 any marked distinction into 

 small and large. Its appen- 

 dages are a large liver and a 

 rudimentary pancreas. 



In the amphibians, as the 



FIG. 245. Anatomy of a Cephalopod IT. 



(diagram): a, tentacles; 6, masti- frOgS, the dlgCStlVC apparatus 



Z?jSS*?~S?. ^i is vef y sirailar to that of fishes ; 



/, esophagus; g, internal shell, or ^ut the tWO portions of the 

 cuttle-bone ; h, stomach; z, in- x 



testine; k, anus; /, funnel; m , intestine can be more readily 



ink bag; n, ovary; o, oviduct; /, T . -, > ^r-i ^-i 



"liver"; r, gill contained in the distinguished. The reptiles 



s ;n "! generally have a long, wide 



gullet, which passes insensibly 



into the stomach, and a short intestine (about twice the 

 length of the body) very distinctly divided into small 

 and large by a constriction. 97 The vegetable-feeding 

 tortoises have a comparatively long intestinal tube ; and 

 the serpents have a slender stomach, but little wider 

 than the rest of the alimentary canal. 



The stomach of the crocodile (Fig. 247) is more com- 

 plex than any hitherto mentioned. " It resembles that of 



