472 NOTES 



as well as men, have two feet and two hands. There is as much anatomi- 

 cal difference between the feet and hands of an ape as between the feet 

 and hands of man. Owen, however, with Cuvier, considers the apes truly 

 " four-handed." 



55 The eye orbits of the lemurs are open behind. The flying lemur 

 {Galeopithecus) is considered an insectivore, 



56 It fails to cover in the howling monkey and siamang gibbon ; but in 

 the squirrel monkey it more than covers, overlapping more than in man. 

 As to the convolutions, there is every grade, from the almost smooth brain 

 of the marmoset to that of the chimpanzee or orang, which falls but little 

 below man's. 



57 The tailed apes of the Old World have Iqnger legs than arms, and 

 generally have " cheek pouches," which serve as pockets for the temporary 

 stowage of food. 



58 In the human infant, the sole naturally turns inward; and the arms 

 of the embryo are longer than the legs. 



59 The aye-aye, one of the lowest of the lemurs, is remarkable for the 

 large proportion of the cranium to the face. 



60 This feature was shared by the extinct Anoplotherium, and now to 

 some extent by one of the lemurs ( Tarsius). 



61 We have treated man zoologically only. His place in nature is a 

 wider question than his position in Zoology ; but it involves metaphysical 

 and psychological considerations which do not belong here. 



62 This twofold division is arbitrary. No essential distinction, founded 

 on the nature of the elements concerned, or the laws of their combination, 

 can be made ; and so many so-called organic substances, as urea, am- 

 monia, alcohol, tartaric and oxalic acids, alizarine, and glucose, have been 

 prepared by inorganic methods, that the boundary line is daily becoming 

 fainter, and may in time vanish altogether. We would here utter our pro- 

 test against the introduction of any more terms like inorganic, invertebrate, 

 acephalous, etc., which express no qualities. 



63 Even the works of nearly all animals, as nests and burrows, are bounded 

 by curved lines. 



64 London Quarterly Review, January, 1869, p. 142. It is true of any 

 .great primary group of animals, as of a tree, that it is much more easy to 

 define the summit than the base. 



65 "There are certain phenomena, even among the higher plants, con- 

 nected with the habits of climbing plants and with the functions of fertiliza- 

 tion, which it is very difficult to explain without admitting some low form 

 of a general harmonizing and regulating function, comparable to such an 

 obscure manifestation of reflex nervous action as we have in sponges and 

 in other animals in which a distinct nervous system is absent." Pro- 

 fessor WYVILLE THOMSON'S Introductory Lecture at Edinburgh. 



66 " If nature had endowed us with microscopic powers of vision, and the 



