APPENDIX 



THE following directions for experiments are given for the 

 purpose of enabling the teacher and pupil to make further 

 direct observation of the structure and functions of animals, and 

 are supplementary to those given under the head of " Practical 

 Zoology." 



The experiments and dissections are purposely chosen* with 

 a view to their simplicity, and to the ease with which they may 

 be performed. Constant reference is made to figures which 

 will both guide and illustrate the dissections. More extended 

 studies may be carried out with the aid of the various works 

 mentioned on pages 483, 484. 



CHAPTER V 



The difficulty of distinguishing by ocular observation alone 

 the lower animals from the lower plants may be illustrated by 

 making a microscopic examination of drops of sediment from 

 the bottom of a stagnant ditch. The water will probably be 

 teeming with unicellular organisms, both animal and vegetable, 

 which cannot be differentiated by characters of form, size, color, 

 motion, etc., alone. 



CHAPTER VII 



It is especially important that the student become as familiar 

 as possible with protoplasm by a personal study of its structure 

 and physiology. For this purpose the most favorable objects 

 are the Protozoa, which are readily obtained and easily pre- 

 pared for examination. Directions are given on page 23. 

 Compare with these the protoplasm seen in the cells of the 



485 



